# US 10,312,174 B2 · Thermal management system

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- Number: US 10,312,174 B2
- Document ID: US10312174B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/429,831
- Filed: 2017-02-10
- Published: 2018-03-01
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2016-08-29
- Assignees: Apple Inc.
- Applicants: Apple Inc.
- Inventors: Victor M. Vitale
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10312174B2

## CPC

- H10W 40/25: characterised by their materials
- F28F 21/02: of carbon, e.g. graphite
- G06F 1/203: {for portable computers, e.g. for laptops}
- H10W 40/251: {Organics}
- H10W 40/255: {having a laminate or multilayered structure, e.g. direct bond copper [DBC] ceramic substrates}
- H10W: GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- F28F: DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16)
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)

## Abstract

A thermal management system is described. The thermal management system being well suited for electronic devices having limited size and operational components that produce excess heat. The thermal management system includes a thermal transport mechanism formed of material having anisotropic thermal conducting properties such that heat is transported from a heat source to a heat sink using a directed heat path. The directed heat path provided by regions having a first thermal conductivity embedded within a substrate characterized as having a second thermal conductivity that is less than the first thermal conductivity.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electronic device having a heat source, the electronic device comprising:
a housing that defines an internal volume, the housing carrying the heat source within the internal volume; and
a heat transport mechanism carried by the housing within the internal volume and in thermal contact with the heat source, the heat transport mechanism comprising:
a first layer of graphite comprising a first region in thermal contact with the heat source and having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness less than the first thickness, wherein the first layer of graphite forms a parallel heat path that allows heat to flow from the first region to the second region in a direction generally parallel with a plane of the first layer of graphite,
a second layer of graphite displaced from the first layer in a transverse direction generally perpendicular to the plane of the first layer, the second layer of graphite separated from the first layer of graphite by an interfacial layer disposed between the first layer of graphite and the second layer of graphite, and
a thermal insert located in an opening in the interfacial layer and in thermal contact at least with the second region of the first layer of graphite forming a transverse heat path that allows heat to flow away from the heat source in the transverse direction generally away from the first layer of graphite,
wherein the second region provides a preferred heat path to conduct heat from the heat source to the second layer.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electronic device as recited in claim 1, wherein the first region has a first thermal conductivity and the second region has a second thermal conductivity that is greater than the first thermal conductivity, and wherein the preferred heat path comprises:
a first heat transport path generally parallel to the plane of the first layer of graphite from the first region to the second region; and
a second heat transport path from the second region through the thermal insert to the second layer in the transverse direction.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The electronic device as recited in claim 1, the first layer of graphite further comprising an internal edge that defines the opening having a size and shape suitable for accommodating the thermal insert.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The electronic device as recited in claim 3, the thermal insert bonded to the internal edge, the thermal insert comprising thermally conductive material having a thermal conductivity that is different than a thermal conductivity of the first and the second regions.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The electronic device as recited in claim 1, wherein the thermal insert comprises silicon carbide (SiC).

### Claim 6

A thermal management system for transporting heat from a heat source, comprising:
a first layer of graphite that provides a first heat transport path, the first heat transfer path allowing heat to flow in a direction that is generally parallel to a plane of the first layer, wherein the first layer includes a first region and a second region having a higher thermal conductivity than the first region;
a thermal insert in contact with the second region and providing a second heat transport path allowing heat to flow in a direction that is generally perpendicular to the plane of the first layer;
a second layer of graphite that provides a third heat transport path, the third heat transport path allowing heat to flow in a direction that is generally parallel to a plane of the second layer;
an interfacial layer formed of a thermally insulating adhesive material disposed between the first layer and the second layer, the adhesive material securing the first layer to the second layer, the interfacial layer comprising a thermal via that accommodates the thermal insert and allows heat to flow between the first layer and the second layer along a defined heat path.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The thermal management system as recited in claim 6, wherein the first layer is in direct thermal contact with the heat source.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The thermal management system as recited in claim 6, wherein the thermal insert is formed of a heat transport material that is bonded to the interfacial layer within an opening defined by the thermal via.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The thermal management system as recited in claim 8, wherein the heat transport material is silicon carbide (SiC).

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

The thermal management system as recited in claim 6, wherein the first region has a first thickness and the second region has a second thickness less than the first thickness.

### Claim 11 (depends on 6)

The thermal management system as recited in claim 6, wherein the defined heat path between the first layer and the second layer is a serpentine arrangement.

### Claim 12 (depends on 6)

The thermal management system as recited in claim 6, wherein the defined heat path between the first layer and the second layer is a staircase arrangement.

### Claim 13 (depends on 6)

The thermal management system as recited in claim 6, wherein the defined heat path is a vertical stack arrangement.

### Claim 14

A method of manufacturing a thermal management system, the method comprising:
identifying a location of a thermal via at a layer of graphite, the layer of graphite having a preferred thermal path parallel to a plane defined by the layer of graphite;
placing a thermal insert formed of silicon carbide (SiC) at the location of the thermal via, the thermal insert providing a preferred thermal path that is perpendicular to the plane defined by the layer of graphite; and
bonding the thermal insert between the layer of graphite and an additional layer of graphite using an adhesive that forms an interfacial layer between the layer of graphite and the additional layer of graphite,
wherein the layer of graphite includes a first region having a first thickness and a second region having a second thickness that is less than the first thickness, and wherein the location of the thermal via corresponds with the second region.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the layer of graphite comprises a thickness that ranges from about 10 microns to about 50 microns.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The method as recited in claim 14, wherein a thermal conductivity of the layer of graphite in a transverse direction ranges from about 1500 W/m-K in the second region to about 1000 W/m-K in the first region.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the graphite is natural graphite.