# US 10,311,659 B2 · Method of analyzing variations of at least one indicator of the behavior of a mechanism fitted to an aircraft

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- Number: US 10,311,659 B2
- Document ID: US10311659B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/833,084
- Filed: 2017-12-06
- Published: 2018-06-21
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2016-12-14
- Assignees: Airbus Helicopters
- Applicants: Airbus Helicopters
- Inventors: Alexandre Diaz; Kishan Mithalal; Pierre Dousse; Abdelhafid Boutaleb; Romaric Simonet; Didier Rochefort
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10311659B2

## CPC

- G07C 5/0841: {Registering performance data (recording measured values G01D; information storage G11B)}
- B64D 35/00: Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions
- B64F 5/60: Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
- G01M 13/028: Acoustic or vibration analysis
- G01N 29/04: Analysing solids (using acoustic emission techniques G01N29/14)
- G01N 29/4445: {Classification of defects}
- G05B 23/0221: {Preprocessing measurements, e.g. data collection rate adjustment; Standardization of measurements; Time series or signal analysis, e.g. frequency analysis or wavelets; Trustworthiness of measurements; Indexes therefor; Measurements using easily measured parameters to estimate parameters difficult to measure; Virtual sensor creation; De-noising; Sensor fusion; Unconventional preprocessing inherently present in specific fault detection methods like PCA-based methods}
- G05B 23/0235: {based on a comparison with predetermined threshold or range, e.g. "classical methods", carried out during normal operation; threshold adaptation or choice; when or how to compare with the threshold}
- G05B 23/0283: {Predictive maintenance, e.g. involving the monitoring of a system and, based on the monitoring results, taking decisions on the maintenance schedule of the monitored system; Estimating remaining useful life [RUL] (preventive maintenance, i.e. planning maintenance according to the available resources without monitoring the system G06Q10/06)}
- G06Q 10/20: Administration of product repair or maintenance
- G07C 5/008: {communicating information to a remotely located station (transmission systems for measured values G08C)}
- G07C 5/0808: {Diagnosing performance data (testing of vehicles G01M17/00; testing of electrical installation on vehicles G01R31/005)}
- B64D 2045/0085: {Devices for aircraft health monitoring, e.g. monitoring flutter or vibration}
- G07C: TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- B64D: EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64F: GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G)
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

## Abstract

A method of analyzing variations of an indicator of the behavior of a mechanism fitted to an aircraft, the indicator being determined from measurements of a physical operating parameter of the mechanism during a mission of the aircraft. The Method includes a storage step of storing the measurements of the physical operating parameter in a storage unit; a first transmission step of transmitting the measurements of the physical operating parameter contained in the storage unit to a communication station; a second transmission step of transmitting the measurements of the physical operating parameter from the communication station to an analysis center; an indicator generation step of generating the indicator performed on the basis of the measurements of the physical operating parameter; and an analysis step of analyzing variations of the indicator.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of analyzing variations of at least one indicator of the behavior of a mechanism fitted to an aircraft that is a member of a fleet of aircraft of a same type, the at least one indicator being determined from measurements of at least one physical operating parameter of the mechanism during a mission of the aircraft, the method comprising:
a storage step of storing the measurements of the at least one physical operating parameter in a storage unit;
a first transmission step of transmitting the measurements of the at least one physical operating parameter contained in the storage unit to a communication station external to the aircraft, the communication station being installed on the premises of an operator of the aircraft;
a second transmission step of transmitting the measurements of the at least one physical operating parameter from the communication station to an analysis center external to the aircraft, the analysis center being common to the fleet of aircraft of the same type and being installed on the premises of a manufacturer of the fleet of aircraft;
an indicator generation step of generating the at least one indicator performed based on the measurements of the at least one physical operating parameter; and
an analysis step of analyzing variations of the at least one indicator;
wherein the analysis step of analyzing the variations of the at least one indicator is performed based on the measurements of the at least one physical operating parameter of at least two distinct mechanisms fitted to at least two aircraft of the same type belonging to at least two distinct operators, the analysis center serving to analyze the variations of the at least one indicator coming from a first aircraft belonging to a first operator and the variations of the at least one indicator coming from a second aircraft belonging to a second operator, the first and second aircraft being two aircraft of the same type belonging to the fleet of aircraft of the same type, and wherein the method includes a detection step of detecting a potential problem in the behavior of the mechanism fitted to at least one of the aircraft of the fleet and an alerting step enabling the manufacturer of the fleet of aircraft to be alerted to a potential problem in the behavior of the mechanism fitted to at least one of the aircraft of the fleet.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the analysis step of analyzing the variations of the at least one indicator includes a shape analysis substep consisting in comparing the shape of a curve representative of the variations of the at least one indicator with at least one shape of a curve previously stored in a database, the previously stored curve corresponding to a potential problem in the behavior of the mechanism.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method according to claim 2, wherein the shape analysis substep includes a subdivision step consisting in subdividing the variations of the at least one indicator into a plurality of samples having the same time dimension corresponding to a reference time dimension representative of the abscissa axis of the previously stored curve.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method according to claim 3, wherein the shape analysis substep includes a comparison step consisting in using the “least squares” method to compare each of the samples with the previously stored curve.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method according to claim 4, wherein the comparison step serves to determine a percentage compatibility weight for each sample relative to the previously stored curve.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method according to claim 5, wherein the detection step of detecting a potential problem in the behavior of the mechanism fitted to at least one of the aircraft of the fleet consists in detecting that the compatibility weight exceeds a predefined threshold value.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the analysis step of analyzing the variations of the at least one indicator includes a discontinuity analysis substep consisting in identifying a discontinuity in the slope of a tangent to a curve representative of the variations of the at least one indicator.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein a physical operating parameter of the at least one physical operating parameter is vibration.

### Claim 9

A method comprising:
conducting measurements of a physical operating parameter of a first mechanism of a first aircraft during a mission of the first aircraft and of a physical operating parameter of a second mechanism of a second aircraft during a mission of the second aircraft, wherein the first aircraft belongs to a first operator, the second aircraft belongs to a second operator, the first aircraft and the second aircraft are of a fleet of aircraft of a same type, and the fleet of aircraft is of a same manufacturer;
storing the measurements of the physical operating parameter of the first mechanism of the first aircraft in a first storage unit on-board the first aircraft and storing the measurements of the physical operating parameter of the second mechanism of the second aircraft in a second storage unit on-board the second aircraft;
transmitting the measurements of the physical operating parameter of the first mechanism of the first aircraft stored in the first storage unit to a first communication station external to the first aircraft and transmitting the measurements of the physical operating parameter of the second mechanism of the second aircraft stored in the second storage unit to a second communication station external to the second aircraft, wherein the first communication station is installed on premises of the first operator and the second communication station is installed on premises of the second operator;
transmitting the measurements of the physical operating parameter of the first mechanism of the first aircraft from the first communication station to an analysis center and transmitting the measurements of the physical operating parameter of the second mechanism of the second aircraft from the second communication station to the analysis center, wherein the analysis center is installed on premises of the manufacturer of the fleet of aircraft;
generating, at the analysis center, a first indicator based on the measurements of the physical operating parameter of the first mechanism of the first aircraft and a second indicator based on the measurements of the physical operating parameter of the second mechanism of the second aircraft;
analyzing, at the analysis center, variations of the indicators; and
detecting for a potential problem in behavior of at least one of the mechanisms from the analysis of the variations of the indicators and alerting the manufacturer of the fleet of aircraft upon the potential problem being detected.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method according to claim 9, wherein analyzing variations of the indicators includes comparing shapes of curves representative of the variations of the indicators with a shape of a curve previously stored in a database of the analysis center, the previously stored curve corresponding to a potential problem in the behavior of at least one of the mechanisms.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method according to claim 10, wherein analyzing variations of the indicators further includes subdividing the variations of the indicators into a plurality of samples having the same time dimension corresponding to a reference time dimension representative of the abscissa axis of the previously stored curve.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method according to claim 11, wherein analyzing variations of the indicators further includes using the “least squares” method to compare each of the samples with the previously stored curve.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method according to claim 12, wherein comparing each of the samples with the previously stored curve serves to determine a percentage compatibility weight for each sample relative to the previously stored curve.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method according to claim 13, wherein detecting for a potential problem in behavior of at least one of the mechanisms includes detecting whether the percentage compatibility weight for each sample exceeds a predefined threshold value.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The method according to claim 9, wherein analyzing variations of the indicators includes identifying a discontinuity in the slope of a tangent to curves representative of the variations of the indicators.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The method according to claim 9, wherein the physical operating parameter of the mechanism of each of the first and second aircrafts is vibration.