# US 10,311,442 B1 · Business methods and systems for offering and obtaining research services

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- Number: US 10,311,442 B1
- Document ID: US10311442B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 13/351,210
- Filed: 2012-01-16
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2007-01-22
- Assignees: Hydrojoule, LLC
- Applicants: James Justin Lancaster
- Inventors: James Justin Lancaster
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10311442B1

## CPC

- G06Q 30/00: Commerce
- G06N 5/01: Dynamic search techniques; Heuristics; Dynamic trees; Branch-and-bound
- G06N 5/022: Knowledge engineering; Knowledge acquisition
- G06N 5/04: Inference or reasoning models
- G06N 5/045: Explanation of inference; Explainable artificial intelligence [XAI]; Interpretable artificial intelligence
- G06Q 10/083: Shipping
- G06Q 50/22: Social work or social welfare, e.g. community support activities or counselling services
- G06Q 99/00: Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G16H 10/00: ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data (for medical reports G16H15/00; for therapies or health-improving plans G16H20/00; for the handling or processing of medical images G16H30/00)
- G16H 10/40: for data related to laboratory analysis, e.g. patient specimen analysis
- G16H 15/00: ICT specially adapted for medical reports, e.g. generation or transmission thereof
- G16Z 99/00: Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
- G06N 3/088: Non-supervised learning, e.g. competitive learning
- G06N 7/01: Probabilistic graphical models, e.g. probabilistic networks
- G06N 20/10: using kernel methods, e.g. support vector machines [SVM]
- G16H 40/20: for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms
- G16H 50/20: for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
- G16H 50/50: for simulation or modelling of medical disorders
- Y02A 90/10: Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16Z: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- Y02A: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

## Abstract

Systems and methods that provide for automation-assisted research into the workings of one or more studied systems include software modules that communicate with domain knowledge bases, research professionals, automated laboratories, research service objects, and data analysis processes. When implemented in conjunction with online business methods and systems, ordering processes can interface directly with research services, such as medical research services and biomedical research services. In some implementations, automatically selected research service objects can correspond to 3rd-party research services that can produce research results, and subsequent data-processing can update the knowledge bases and provide guidance to a next phase of research.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A web-based and computer-implemented method comprising the steps of
providing a machine comprising a combination of specialized software modules, a database storing a library of research service objects and a website coupled to the database, with machine instructions in the specialized software module(s) directing the following further steps of the claimed method:
storing information relating to at least one of a plurality of research services, research service providers and research service facilities in the database;
providing a user access to the machine via the website;
determining a user-specified goal based on user input about choice of a studied-system domain, the studied system having components and dynamic relationships between components, and further user settings from the group consisting of goal type and sub-goal type, budget, deadline and relevant domain database source, wherein the user-specified goal relates to testing, scientifically, in an experiment chamber, an hypothesis that will have a stronger probability than other potential hypotheses to lead to a next experimental result that, more quickly and efficiently, would be more likely to reduce uncertainty in prior knowledge about studied-system components and relationships between the studied-system components;
assembling, via a knowledge-base-assembly software module responsive to a user's input choice of studied-system, a knowledge-base-assembly comprising a graph-based, causal-network computer model related to at least a sub-system of the studied system,
enabling and constraining forward simulation of the graph-based, causal-network computer model, by a device, to reveal effects from upstream perturbations on downstream behavior in the studied system by using time-dynamic data, energy parameters, material balances and thermodynamic variables from the group comprising temperature, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, electrical potential and chemical exchanges,
constructing automatically, by a device, a research goal statement based on the user-specified goal selection, the statement having parameter settings that enable gathering expert information from a studied-system domain manual related to the components and relationships between components in the studied system,
transforming, by a device, the research goal statement into a declarative statement of information that is needed to reduce uncertainty in the knowledge assembly by evaluating a studied-system knowledge model in view of the research goal statement and
by analyzing the highest probability path to reduce a gap in information that corresponds with uncertainty in the knowledge assembly;
accessing, by a computing device, a library of research service objects stored in a database, a research service software object corresponding to a research service comprised of one or more research service procedures or protocols and the research service object further having one or more software class properties, the properties comprising a value-of-information measure related to a probability of an expected outcome for one or more of the procedures or protocols of a research service that is represented by the research service software object;
evaluating, by a computer device, at least two research service objects having class properties incorporating a measure of probability that the corresponding research service can achieve a specified research goal;
selecting, automatically by a computer device, one or more research services, based on the services providing procedures or protocols likely to produce experimental results to reduce uncertainty in the knowledge assembly,
displaying via one or more web pages a presentation of offered research services from the database, the presentation being a derived subset of the plurality of research services stored in the database, enabling a customer or potential customer to choose a research service from the displayed subset of research services derived by the specialized software module(s).

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, comprising the further step of at least two of a facilitator company, a customer and a third-party service provider entering into an automatically—generated research service contract based on operation of an artificial intelligence engine component and research service contract templates.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein machine teaching cues are taken from the studied-system domain manual in probabilistic matching to user selections.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, comprising the further steps of
evaluating, by a computer device, at least two research service objects having class properties incorporating a measure of probability that the corresponding research service can achieve a specified research goal;
selecting, by a computer device, one or more research services, based on the “information needed” to reduce uncertainty in the knowledge assembly; and
employing nested, hierarchical, dynamic modeling with explicit chemical, physical and/or thermodynamic parameters used in describing an inter-relationship between two system components.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of providing a domain knowledge base comprising semantically structured information relevant to a studied system domain in one or more of the facilitator company databases and in distributed accessible graph-store databases and wherein the graph-based, causal-network computer model is constructed on-the-fly in response to a user query, by transforming the user-specified goal into a semantic query that returns semantically structured data from a semantic database and processes the returned data to form an estimated graph-based, causal-network computer models through a step that comprises reverse-engineering network relationships between studied-system components from observations of a studied system over time.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 comprising the further steps of integrating principles of energetics in the modeling software module associated with a domain-specific model of the studied system, analyzing system components and relationships in the context of time-dynamic and energy-dynamic simulation and modeling energetic subsystems, and wherein the energetics modeling functions that are used further comprise modeling functions relating to growth, competition, hierarchical structuring, cooperation, decomposition, aggregation, decentralization, perturbation, stability and/or subsystems, and wherein utilizing time-dynamic data further comprises a step of modeling continuous signal changes with explicit treatment of time dynamics.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of applying a congruence software module to analyze the highest probability path to reduce uncertainty in the knowledge assembly, including uncertainty related to lack of information about components and/or relationships between components of the studied system as determined by the specialized congruence software module evaluating the research goal statement and a studied-system knowledge model (SS-KM), wherein the SS-KM is a graph-based, causal-network computer model, a dynamic systems computer model, or a studied-system knowledge base (SS-KB) in RDF schema; and
wherein one or more of a user query interface module, an experiment-object-chooser software module and the congruence module are further configured to implement a goal-seeking routine, wherein a plurality of parameter dimensions are combined as n-dimensional optimization “surfaces’ or optimization vectors and the routine provides an optimization objective function to maximize an optimization surface or an optimization vector in local data space.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, comprising the further steps of determining, by a computing device, a research goal solution as a subset of research services in the library of research services suitable to a generated hypothesis; and
generating, by a computing device, a list of research services based at least on one or more of the research goal solution, one or more hypotheses, a robustness parameter, and value-of-information (VOI) associated with increasing knowledge about a variable.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing a machine and a database storing a library of research service objects comprises the further step of providing a database storing at least one research service object that comprises an automated laboratory software object that utilizes the ANSI/ISA-S88/Parts 1-3) International Batch Control standard (S88).

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, comprising the further step of utilizing a data-analysis-engine software module to analyze, automatically, data results from a performed research service, the data-analysis-engine further comprising a data-mining software component configured to discover associations, patterns and/or correlations in the data results and a reverse-engineering software component configured to develop predictor sets that classify outcomes, based on Bayesian inference methods, and further configured to probe probable causality based on associations between a set of variables, independent of prior knowledge from a knowledge base, in order to assemble causal network and/or pathway mappings.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of determining a research goal solution and of generating a list of research services comprise the further steps of:
generating, by a computing device, one or more hypotheses with respect to a task or goal associated with the research goal statement and/or research goal statement parameters, which can include a robustness parameter,
wherein generating an hypothesis further comprises:
generating, by a computing device, a statement of information needed, in terms of nodes and arcs in a causal network graph, to gain new information about at least one of:
studied-system components;
relationship between two or more studied-system components;
position or location of studied-system components within the studied system;
position or location of relationships between two or more studied system components; and
a quantitative description of studied system components or of a relationship between two or more studied system components, and wherein the statement of information needed is potentially testable by a procedure or protocol in a domain manual; and
evaluating, by a computing device, value-of-information (VOI) related to the expected value of a potential outcome result of one or more procedures or protocols of a research service based on a probability that an individual outcome of the one or more procedures or protocols may increase knowledge about a variable not yet mapped in a studied-system graph-based, causal-network computer model with a high degree of certainty, wherein the value of an individual outcome occurring is a function of progress measured toward satisfying the research goal statement by increasing knowledge about the variable;
determining, by a computing device, a research goal solution as a subset of research services in the library of research services suitable to satisfy the statement of information needed or to test one or more of the generated hypothesis; and
generating, by a computing device, a list of research services based at least on one or more of the research goal solution, the statement of information needed, one or more hypotheses, a robustness parameter, and value-of-information (VOI) associated with increasing knowledge about a variable.