# US 10,310,155 B2 · Multiple-stack wire grid polarizer > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,310,155 B2 - Document ID: US10310155B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/163,111 - Filed: 2018-10-17 - Published: 2019-02-14 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2016-11-22 - Assignees: Moxtek, Inc. - Applicants: Moxtek, Inc. - Inventors: R. Stewart Nielson; Shaun Ogden; Matt Free; Bin Wang; Hua Li; Brian Bowers - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10310155B2 ## CPC - G02B 5/3058: {comprising electrically conductive elements, e.g. wire grids, conductive particles} - G02B 5/045: {Prism arrays} - G02B 5/3075: {for use in the UV (G02B5/3066 takes precedence)} - G02B 27/283: {used for beam splitting or combining} - G02B 1/14: Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS ## Abstract A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have improved performance due to a high aspect ratio (e.g. >3, >5, >10, >15, >20, or >30), where aspect ratio equals T/W, T is a sum of a thickness of wires of the first array 11 plus a thickness of wires of the second array 12 (i.e. T=Th11+Th12), and W is a maximum width of wires of the first array 11 and/or of the second array 12. Such high aspect ratio can be achieved with two arrays of wires 11 and 12, each capped by a thin film 01 and 02. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A wire grid polarizer (WGP) comprising: a substrate having a first side, having a second side opposite of the first side, and being transparent; a first array of wires, defining a first array, located over the first side of the substrate with a proximal end closer to the substrate and a distal end farther from the substrate, the first array being parallel and elongated, with channels between adjacent wires, each wire of the first array comprising a first absorptive rib and a first reflective rib; a first thin film located at the distal end of the first array and being transparent; a second array of wires, defining a second array, located over the first thin film with a proximal end closer to the first thin film and a distal end farther from the first thin film, the second array being parallel and elongated, with channels between adjacent wires, each wire of the second array comprising a second absorptive rib and a second reflective rib; and a second thin film located at the distal end of the second array and being transparent. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The WGP of claim 1, wherein the first thin film and the second thin film each have a thickness of less than 0.5 μm. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The WGP of claim 1, wherein, across a visible spectrum of light, the first thin film and the second thin film each have extinction coefficient k≤0.1. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The WGP of claim 1, wherein, across a visible spectrum of light: the first absorptive rib and the second absorptive rib each have extinction coefficient k>0.1 and R≤0.6; the first reflective rib and the second reflective rib each have extinction coefficient k>0.1 and R>0.6; where R is calculated from the equation R = ( n - 1 ) 2 + k 2 ( n + 1 ) 2 + k 2 . ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The WGP of claim 1, wherein the first absorptive rib is sandwiched between the first reflective rib and the substrate. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The WGP of claim 1, wherein the second absorptive rib is sandwiched between the second reflective rib and the second thin film. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The WGP of claim 1, wherein: the first absorptive rib is sandwiched between the first reflective rib and the substrate; and the second absorptive rib is sandwiched between the second reflective rib and the second thin film. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The WGP of claim 1, wherein the WGP, in a light wavelength range of 450 nm through 700 nm, is capable of absorbing at least 80% of one polarization of light from both sides of the WGP and transmitting at least 80% of an opposite polarization of light. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The WGP of claim 1, wherein an aspect ratio is greater than 3, where aspect ratio=T/W, T is a sum of a thickness of wires of the first array plus a thickness of wires of the second array, and W is a maximum width of wires of the first array and of the second array. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The WGP of claim 9, wherein the aspect ratio is greater than 10. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The WGP of claim 9, wherein the aspect ratio is greater than 15. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The WGP of claim 9, wherein the aspect ratio is greater than 20. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The WGP of claim 9, wherein the aspect ratio is greater than 30. ### Claim 14 A wire grid polarizer (WGP) comprising: a substrate having a first side, having a second side opposite of the first side, and being transparent; a first array of wires, defining a first array, located over the first side of the substrate with a proximal end closer to the substrate and a distal end farther from the substrate, the first array being parallel and elongated, with channels between adjacent wires; a first thin film located at the distal end of the first array and being transparent; a second array of wires, defining a second array, located over the first thin film with a proximal end closer to the first thin film and a distal end farther from the first thin film, the second array being parallel and elongated, with channels between adjacent wires; a second thin film located at the distal end of the second array and being transparent; each wire of the first array comprises a stack of ribs in the following order extending outward from the substrate towards the first thin film: a first transparent rib, a second transparent rib, and a first reflective rib; a material composition of the first transparent rib is different from a material composition of the second transparent rib; each wire of the second array comprises a stack of ribs in the following order extending outward from the first thin film towards the second thin film: a second reflective rib, a third transparent rib, and a fourth transparent rib; and a material composition of the fourth transparent rib is different from a material composition of the third transparent rib. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The WGP of claim 14, wherein, across a visible spectrum of light: the first transparent rib, the second transparent rib, the third transparent rib, and the fourth transparent rib have extinction coefficient k≤0.1; the first reflective rib and the second reflective rib have extinction coefficient k>0.1 and R>0.6, where R is calculated from the equation R = ( n - 1 ) 2 + k 2 ( n + 1 ) 2 + k 2 . ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The WGP of claim 14, wherein for a wavelength range of at least 100 nm in an ultraviolet, visible, or infrared spectrums of light, an index of refraction of the first transparent rib (n1) is greater than an index of refraction of the second transparent rib (n2) and an index of refraction of the fourth transparent rib (n4) is greater than an index of refraction of the third transparent rib (n3). ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The WGP of claim 14, wherein a material composition of the first transparent rib is the same as a material composition of the fourth transparent rib. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The WGP of claim 14, wherein a material composition of the second transparent rib is the same as a material composition of the third transparent rib. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The WGP of claim 14, wherein: a material composition of the first transparent rib is the same as a material composition of the fourth transparent rib; and a material composition of the second transparent rib is the same as a material composition of the third transparent rib. ### Claim 20 A wire grid polarizer (WGP) comprising: a substrate having a first side, having a second side opposite of the first side, and being transparent; a first array of wires, defining a first array, located over the first side of the substrate with a proximal end closer to the substrate and a distal end farther from the substrate, the first array being parallel and elongated, with channels between adjacent wires; a first thin film located at the distal end of the first array and being transparent; a first conformal coating over the first array, coating sides of wires of the first array, a distal end of wires of the first array between the first array and the first thin film; a second array of wires, defining a second array, located over the first thin film with a proximal end closer to the first thin film and a distal end farther from the first thin film, the second array being parallel and elongated, with channels between adjacent wires; a second thin film located at the distal end of the second array and being transparent; and a second conformal coating over the second array, coating sides of wires of the second array, a distal end of wires of the second array between the second array and the second thin film.