# US 10,309,851 B2 · Rapid pressure rise detection and management system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,309,851 B2 - Document ID: US10309851B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/634,285 - Filed: 2017-06-27 - Published: 2017-12-28 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2016-06-28 - Assignees: Qualitrol Corporation - Applicants: Qualitrol Company LLC - Inventors: John R. Piper - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10309851B2 ## CPC - G01L 11/04: by acoustic means - G01R 31/62: Testing of transformers - H01F 27/402: {Association of measuring or protective means} - H02H 5/08: responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays - H02H 7/04: for transformers - G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G) - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - H01F: MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES - H02H: EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS (indicating or signalling undesired working conditions G01R, e.g. G01R31/00, G08B; locating faults along lines G01R31/08; emergency protective devices H01H) ## Abstract A rapid pressure rise detection and management system that detects internal pressure changes in a transformer. The rapid pressure rise detection and management system communicates with one or more pressure sensors attached to a tank of the transformer and measures the rate of pressure change versus time. The rapid pressure rise detection and management system then compares this rate of pressure change against a set of parameters to determine if this pressure change is an internal fault requiring the transformer to be taken offline or external fault to be ignored. This rapid pressure rise detection and management system may be a standalone device or work with other monitoring/controlling equipment to expand its sensing and management capabilities. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A rapid pressure rise relay system for detecting a pressure rise within a transformer, the system comprising: one or more pressure sensors associated with the transformer, the one or more pressure sensors generating electrical outputs in response to pressure changes within the transformer; a seismic sensor that measures seismic activity and generates an electrical output in response to the seismic activity; a relay that includes one or more electrically controlled actuation contacts to take the transformer offline; one or more processors in communication with the one or more pressure sensors, one or more auxiliary transformer components associated with the transformer, the seismic sensor, and the relay, wherein the one or more auxiliary transformer components each generate an electrical output that identifies a status; a control system having a memory device storing a set of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to: examine the electrical outputs generated by the one or more pressure sensors; calculate the pressure rise within the transformer over time using the electrical outputs generated by the one or more pressure sensors; compare the calculated pressure rise within the transformer over time to one or more rapid pressure rise curves; identify the status of the auxiliary transformer components that cause internal pressure readings and compensate for the internal pressure readings from the auxiliary transformer components to prevent unnecessary relay actuation; identify seismic activity using the seismic sensor and prevent unnecessary relay actuation from the seismic activity; and actuate the relay and take the transformer offline if the calculated pressure rise within the transformer over time exceeds allowable limits set by the one or more rapid pressure rise curves. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary transformer components associated with the transformer that each generate an electrical output identifying a status include pumps, fans, motors, coolers, breathers, dryers, and tap changers. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the seismic sensor that measures seismic activity and generates an electrical output in response to the seismic activity is an accelerometer. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the control system compensates for the auxiliary transformer components that cause internal pressure readings by identifying, isolating, and ignoring the internal pressure readings caused by the auxiliary transformer components. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the control system compensates for the auxiliary transformer components that cause internal pressure readings by temporarily having the control system halt calculations of the pressure rise within the transformer. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the control system compensates for the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity identified with the seismic sensor by identifying, isolating, and ignoring the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the control system compensates for the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity identified with the seismic sensor by temporarily having the control system halt calculations of the pressure rise within the transformer. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the control system is configured to learn new rapid pressure rise curves in response to transformer operating characteristics. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the control system is programmable for rate of rapid pressure rise curve parameters, wherein the control system includes multiple rates of rapid pressure rise curves, and wherein the control system enables automatic shifting between the rapid pressure rise curves according to transformer operating characteristics. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising multiple pressure sensors to detect pressure changes within the transformer, wherein the control system compares rates of pressure changes detected by the multiple pressure sensors within the transformer to the rapid pressure rise curves and uses voting logic to determine whether to actuate the relay. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, wherein the multiple pressure sensors comprise three pressure sensors that are positioned orthogonally to each other within the transformer. ### Claim 12 A rapid pressure rise relay system for detecting a pressure rise within a transformer, wherein the transformer contains one or more pressure sensors generating electrical outputs in response to pressure changes within the transformer, the system comprising: one or more processors in communication with the one or more pressure sensors, auxiliary transformer components, a seismic sensor, and a relay; a control system having a memory device storing a set of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to: examine the electrical outputs generated by the one or more pressure sensors; calculate the pressure rise within the transformer over time using the electrical outputs generated by the one or more pressure sensors; compare the calculated pressure rise within the transformer over time to one or more rapid pressure rise curves; identify a status of the auxiliary transformer components that cause internal pressure readings and compensate for the internal pressure readings from the auxiliary transformer components to prevent unnecessary relay actuation; identify pressure readings caused by seismic activity using the seismic sensor and compensate for the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity to prevent unnecessary relay actuation; and actuate the relay and take the transformer offline if the calculated pressure rise within the transformer over time exceeds allowable limits set by the one or more rapid pressure rise curves. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the auxiliary transformer components associated with the transformer that each generate an electrical output identifying a status include pumps, fans, motors, coolers, breathers, dryers, and tap changers. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the seismic sensor that measures seismic activity and generates an electrical output in response to the seismic activity is an accelerometer. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the control system compensates for the auxiliary transformer components that cause internal pressure readings by identifying, isolating, and ignoring the internal pressure readings caused by the auxiliary transformer components. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the control system compensates for the auxiliary transformer components that cause internal pressure readings by temporarily having the control system halt calculations of the pressure rise within the transformer. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the control system compensates for the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity identified with the seismic sensor by identifying, isolating, and ignoring the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the control system compensates for the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity identified with the seismic sensor by temporarily having the control system halt calculations of the pressure rise within the transformer. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the control system is configured to learn new rapid pressure rise curves in response to transformer operating characteristics. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the control system is programmable for rate of rapid pressure rise curve parameters, wherein the control system includes multiple rates of rapid pressure rise curves, and wherein the control system enables automatic shifting between the rapid pressure rise curves according to transformer operating characteristics. ### Claim 21 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, further comprising multiple pressure sensors to detect pressure changes within the transformer, wherein the control system compares rates of pressure changes detected by the multiple pressure sensors within the transformer to the rapid pressure rise curves and uses voting logic to determine whether to actuate the relay. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the multiple pressure sensors comprise three pressure sensors that are positioned orthogonally to each other within the transformer. ### Claim 23 A rapid pressure rise relay system for detecting a pressure rise within a transformer, wherein the transformer contains one or more pressure sensors generating electrical outputs in response to pressure changes within the transformer, the system comprising: one or more processors in communication with the one or more pressure sensors, auxiliary transformer components, a seismic sensor, and a relay; a control system having a memory device storing a set of instructions that when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to: examine the electrical outputs generated by the one or more pressure sensors; calculate the pressure rise within the transformer over time using the electrical outputs generated by the one or more pressure sensors; compare the calculated pressure rise within the transformer over time to one or more rapid pressure rise curves; identify pressure readings caused by non-internal arcing events and compensate for the pressure readings caused by the non-internal arcing events to prevent unnecessary relay actuation; and actuate the relay and take the transformer offline if the calculated pressure rise within the transformer over time exceeds allowable limits set by the one or more rapid pressure rise curves. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The system of claim 23, wherein the non-internal arcing events include internal pressure surges caused by auxiliary transformer components associated with the transformer and pressure surges caused by seismic activity. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The system of claim 24, wherein the auxiliary transformer components associated with the transformer include pumps, fans, motors, coolers, breathers, dryers, and tap changers. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) The system of claim 24, wherein the seismic activity is measured by a seismic sensor that comprises an accelerometer. ### Claim 27 (depends on 24) The system of claim 24, wherein the control system compensates for the auxiliary transformer components that cause internal pressure readings by identifying, isolating, and ignoring the internal pressure readings caused by the auxiliary transformer components. ### Claim 28 (depends on 24) The system of claim 24, wherein the control system compensates for the auxiliary transformer components that cause internal pressure readings by temporarily having the control system halt calculations of the pressure rise within the transformer. ### Claim 29 (depends on 26) The system of claim 26, wherein the control system compensates for the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity identified with the seismic sensor by identifying, isolating, and ignoring the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity. ### Claim 30 (depends on 26) The system of claim 26, wherein the control system compensates for the pressure readings caused by the seismic activity identified with the seismic sensor by temporarily having the control system halt calculations of the pressure rise within the transformer. ### Claim 31 (depends on 23) The system of claim 23, wherein the control system is configured to learn new rapid pressure rise curves in response to transformer operating characteristics. ### Claim 32 (depends on 23) The system of claim 23, wherein the control system is programmable for rate of rapid pressure rise curve parameters, wherein the control system includes multiple rates of rapid pressure rise curves, and wherein the control system enables automatic shifting between the rapid pressure rise curves according to transformer operating characteristics. ### Claim 33 (depends on 23) The system of claim 23, further comprising multiple pressure sensors to detect pressure changes within the transformer, wherein the control system compares rates of pressure changes detected by the multiple pressure sensors within the transformer to the rapid pressure rise curves and uses voting logic to determine whether to actuate the relay. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The system of claim 33, wherein the multiple pressure sensors comprise three pressure sensors that are positioned orthogonally to each other within the transformer.