# US 10,309,775 B2 · Altitude estimation using crowd-sourced pressure sensor data

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- Number: US 10,309,775 B2
- Document ID: US10309775B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/639,652
- Filed: 2015-03-05
- Published: 2016-09-08
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2015-03-05
- Assignees: Apple Inc.
- Applicants: Apple Inc.
- Inventors: Glenn D. MacGougan; Changlin Ma; Robert W. Mayor
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10309775B2

## CPC

- G01C 5/06: by using barometric means
- G01S 19/45: by combining measurements of signals from the satellite radio beacon positioning system with a supplementary measurement
- G01C: MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY (measuring liquid level G01F; radio navigation, determining distance or velocity by use of propagation effects, e.g. Doppler effects, propagation time, of radio waves, analogous arrangements using other waves G01S)
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES

## Abstract

An electronic device may include a pressure sensor for measuring barometric pressure. Pressure measurements may be calibrated using crowd-sourced pressure data to remove any weather bias or sensor bias associated with the pressure measurements. Altitude of the electronic device may be determined using the calibrated pressure measurement. When it is desired to estimate altitude, the electronic device may transmit a query to a server, which returns a local reference pressure value for the electronic device based on crowd-sourced pressure data from electronic devices in the vicinity of the electronic device making the query. To determine the local reference pressure value, the server may correlate the crowd-sourced pressure data with space, taking into account variations in terrain using digital elevation models to determine location-specific reference pressures. The local reference pressure value for a given electronic device is then determined using crowd-sourced reference pressures at nearby locations.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electronic device comprising:
a pressure sensor that measures pressure values;
wireless communications circuitry that receives a reference pressure value from a server; and
control circuitry that determines an altitude of the electronic device based on the pressure values and the reference pressure value, wherein the reference pressure value is based on crowd-sourced reference pressure data from a plurality of electronic devices within a vicinity of the electronic device and wherein the control circuitry determines a sensor bias associated with the pressure sensor based on the reference pressure value.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electronic device defined in claim 1 further comprising:
global navigation satellite system receiver circuitry that determines a geographic location of the electronic device, wherein the wireless communications circuitry transmits the geographic location of the electronic device to the server.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The electronic device defined in claim 2 wherein the reference pressure value is based on the geographic location of the electronic device.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The electronic device defined in claim 1 wherein the control circuitry determines a floor level on which the electronic device is located based on the altitude and a digital elevation model.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The electronic device defined in claim 1 wherein the reference pressure value indicates a weather bias associated with atmospheric weather conditions, wherein the control circuitry calibrates the pressure values by removing the sensor bias and the weather bias, and wherein the altitude is determined using the calibrated pressure values.

### Claim 6

A method for operating an electronic device that communicates with a server over a wireless network, comprising:
with a pressure sensor in the electronic device, measuring pressure and outputting a corresponding pressure measurement;
with wireless communications circuitry in the electronic device, receiving a reference pressure value from the server over the wireless network; and
with control circuitry in the electronic device, determining an altitude of the electronic device based on the pressure measurement and the reference pressure value, wherein the reference pressure value is based on crowd-sourced pressure measurements from a plurality of electronic devices and wherein determining the altitude of the electronic device comprises subtracting the reference pressure value from the pressure measurement.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method defined in claim 6 further comprising:
with global navigation satellite system receiver circuitry, determining a location of the electronic device; and
with the wireless communications circuitry, transmitting the location to the server, wherein the reference pressure value is based on the location.

### Claim 8

The method defined in 6 further comprising:
determining a sensor bias associated with the pressure sensor; and
calibrating the pressure measurement by removing the sensor bias, wherein determining the altitude of the electronic device comprises determining the altitude of the electronic device based on the calibrated pressure measurement.