# US 10,309,537 B2 · Linerless pressure vessel by centrifugal forced weaving and method for manufacturing thereof

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- Number: US 10,309,537 B2
- Document ID: US10309537B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/562,689
- Filed: 2014-12-06
- Published: 2015-09-17
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2014-03-12
- Assignees: Hyundai Motor Company; Kia Motors Corporation
- Applicants: Hyundai Motor Company; Kia Motors Corporation
- Inventors: Hyun Min Kang; Jong Kook Lee
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10309537B2

## CPC

- F16J 12/00: Pressure vessels in general (covers therefor F16J13/00; for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. B01J, F17C, G21C)
- B29C 53/72: using external forming surfaces
- B29C 70/326: {by rotating the mould around its axis of symmetry}
- D04H 3/073: Hollow cylinder shaped
- F17C 1/00: Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge (pressurised apparatus for purposes other than storage, see the relevant subclasses such as A62C, B05B; associated with vehicles, see the appropriate subclass of classes B60 - B64; pressure vessels in general F16J12/00 {; autoclaves B01J3/04; tank vehicles B60P3/22; railway tank wagons for carrying fluent materials B61D5/00; accumulators for supplying fluid under pressure F15B1/04; liquefied gas stoves F24C3/00})
- F17D 3/16: for eliminating particles in suspension (from liquids by sedimentation B01D21/00; separation by filtration or otherwise B01D24/00 - B01D51/00; centrifugal apparatus B04)
- B29L 2031/7156: {Pressure vessels}
- F17C 2201/056: Small (<1 m3)
- F17C 2201/058: portable (<30 l)
- F17C 2203/0617: with one layer
- F17C 2203/0663: in form of fibers or filaments
- F17C 2209/2154: Winding
- F17C 2221/012: Hydrogen
- F17C 2221/033: Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
- F17C 2221/035: Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C 2223/0123: gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
- F17C 2223/0153: Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C 2223/033: Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
- F17C 2223/036: Very high pressure (>80 bar)
- F17C 2270/0102: on or in the water
- F17C 2270/0105: Ships
- F17C 2270/0168: by vehicles
- F17C 2270/0178: Cars
- Y02E 60/32: Hydrogen storage
- F16J: PISTONS {(specially adapted for dampers F16F9/32)}; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- D04H: MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL (weaving D03; knitting D04B; braiding D04C; net-making D04G; sewing D05B; tufting D05C; finishing non-woven fabrics D06); FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING {; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION}(non-woven fabrics having an intermediate or external layer of a different kind, e.g. of woven fabric, B32B)
- F17C: VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES (storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth B65G5/00; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H7/00; variable-capacity gas-holders F17B; liquefaction or refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25)
- F17D: PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES (pumps or compressors F04; fluid dynamics F15D; valves or the like F16K; pipes, laying pipes, supports, joints, branches, repairing, work on the entire line, accessories F16L; steam traps or the like F16T; fluid-pressure electric cables H01B9/06)
- B29L: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a linerless pressure vessel can be used for manufacturing a high pressure tank, by spinning of continuous fiber in a centrifugal direction.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for manufacturing a linerless tank installed with a three-dimensional blow fibrous structure woven with resin-impregnated fiber, comprising:
the resin-impregnated fiber being spun in a mold and settled in an inner surface of the mold;
a spinning unit spinning the fiber in a circumferential direction by centrifugal force;
the spinning unit moving and rotating along a moving shaft in the mold; and
the three-dimensional blow fibrous structure being manufactured in a blow form and woven along an inner profile of the mold, wherein
a viscosity of the resin impregnated in the fiber is 0.01 to 100 Pa·s, and
the resin is at least one thermosetting resin selected from a group consisting of: isophthalic polyesters, vinyl esters, epoxies, polyesters, and polyurethanes.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein an angular velocity of the spinning in the circumferential direction is accelerated until the spun fiber reaches the inner surface of the mold.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a nozzle as a unit where the fiber is spinning at the spinning unit is tilted on an axis, and the axis is the spinning unit.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the woven shape of the blow fibrous structure and a density thereof are estimated by a path of the spinning fiber, a tilting angle of the nozzle as a unit where the fiber is spinning at the spinning unit, a moving velocity of the spinning unit, and an internal shape of the mold.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein a woven thickness of the blow fibrous structure becomes thicker as the spinning unit moves forward and backward repeatedly along the moving shaft.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
compressing the textiles into the mold after weaving, or curing by heat, UV, or dehydration after being released from the mold.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the fiber is carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, or a mixture thereof.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein the carbon fiber has the crystal size of about 1 to 6 nm, which is measured by Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS), and an average single fiber diameter of about 1 to 20 μm.

### Claim 9

An apparatus for manufacturing a linerless high pressure tank installed with a blow fibrous structure as a resin-impregnated fiber textile, comprising:
a fiber used for braiding or filament winding, which is resin-impregnated before being spun from a nozzle;
the nozzle for spinning the fiber is combined with a spinning unit with a degree of freedom of 1 or 2, so as to be monoaxially or biaxially tilted at the tip of the spinning unit;
the spinning unit configured to move forward and backward and rotate on a central axis, wherein the fiber moves to the nozzle through a blow part; and
a mold for manufacturing blow-type parts, which includes an upper part and a lower part, and in which the fiber spun from the nozzle is wound or woven along the internal shape of the mold.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein angular velocity of the fiber spun by the spinning unit is accelerated until the spun fiber reaches the inner surface of the mold.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the woven shape of the blow fibrous structure and the density thereof are estimated by a path of the spinning fiber, a tilting angle of the nozzle as a unit where the fiber is spun at the spinning unit, a moving velocity of the spinning unit, and an internal shape of the mold.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the woven thickness of the blow fibrous structure is controlled by moving the spinning unit forward and backward repeatedly.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the resin is at least one thermosetting resin selected from the group consisting of: isophthalic polyesters, vinyl esters, epoxies, polyesters, and polyurethanes.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the fiber is carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, or a mixture thereof.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the carbon fiber has the crystal size of about 1 to 6 nm, which is measured by Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS), and average single fiber diameter of about 1 to 20 μm.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein viscosity of the resin impregnated in the fiber is 0.01 to 100 Pa·s.