# US 10,309,232 B2 · Gas turbine engine with stage dependent material selection for blades and disk > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,309,232 B2 - Document ID: US10309232B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/418,404 - Filed: 2012-03-13 - Published: 2013-08-29 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2012-02-29 - Assignees: United Technologies Corporation - Applicants: Frederick M. Schwarz; Daniel Bernard Kupratis - Inventors: Frederick M. Schwarz; Daniel Bernard Kupratis - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10309232B2 ## CPC - F01D 5/284: {Selection of ceramic materials} - F01D 5/28: Selecting particular materials; {Particular measures relating thereto;} Measures against erosion or corrosion - F01D 5/225: {by shrouding} - F01D 5/3007: {of axial insertion type} - F02C 3/107: with two or more rotors connected by power transmission - F02K 3/04: the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type - F02K 3/06: with front fan - F05D 2300/174: Titanium alloys, e.g. TiAl - F05D 2300/6033: Ceramic matrix composites [CMC] - Y02T 50/60: Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft - F01D: NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D) - F02C: GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00) - F02K: JET-PROPULSION PLANTS (features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plants, air intakes or fuel supply control of air-breathing jet-propulsion plants F02C7/00, F02C9/00) - F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract A gas turbine engine includes a shaft defining an axis of rotation and a fan driving turbine configured to drive the shaft. The fan driving turbine comprises a plurality of stages that are spaced apart from each other along the axis. Each stage includes a turbine disk comprised of a disk material and a plurality of turbine blades comprised of a blade material. The disk material and the blade material for one of the plurality of stages is selected based on a location of the one stage relative to the other stages of the plurality of stages. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A gas turbine engine comprising: at least a first shaft and a second shaft rotating at a higher speed than the first shaft, wherein the first and second shafts rotate about an engine axis of rotation; a geared architecture coupling the first shaft to a fan; at least a first driving turbine configured to drive the first shaft and a second driving turbine to drive the second shaft, wherein the first driving turbine is positioned downstream of the second driving turbine such that the second driving turbine comprises a high pressure turbine and the first driving turbine comprises a low pressure turbine; a combustor positioned immediately upstream of the second driving turbine; and wherein the low pressure turbine comprises a plurality of stages including at least a first turbine stage and a second turbine stage spaced immediately aft of the first turbine stage along the axis, wherein the first turbine stage has a first temperature capability that is higher than a second temperature capability of the second turbine stage, and wherein each of the first and second turbine stages of the low pressure turbine are comprised of: a turbine disk comprised of a disk material; and a plurality of turbine blades comprised of a blade material, wherein the disk material for at least one of the first and second turbine stages is different than the blade material for the at least one of the first and second turbine stages, and wherein the disk material and the blade material for the first and second turbine stages are selected independently of each other based on operational temperatures at each stage's respective location along the first shaft of the first and second turbine stages. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of turbine blades for at least one of the first and second turbine stages are of a blade material comprising a ceramic matrix composite. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of turbine blades of the second turbine stage are of a blade material comprising a forged titanium aluminide material. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of turbine blades of the second turbine stage comprise forged or cast titanium aluminide blades. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the disk material of at least one the first and second turbine stages comprises a forged powdered metal material and the blade material of at least one the first and second turbine stages comprises one of a ceramic matrix composite material, a forged titanium aluminide material, or a cast titanium aluminide material. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the disk material of the second turbine stage comprises a non-powdered metal material and the blade material of the second turbine stage comprises one of a forged titanium aluminide material or a cast titanium aluminide material. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the blade material of at least one the first and seconds turbine stages comprises one of a ceramic matrix composite material, a forged titanium aluminide material, or a cast titanium aluminide material. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, including a compressor section upstream of the combustor, the compressor section driving air along a core flowpath, and wherein the fan drives air along a bypass flowpath. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the turbine disk of at least one the first and second turbine stages includes a plurality of slots to receive the plurality of turbine blades, and wherein distal ends of each of the plurality of turbine blades is associated with a shroud. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the low pressure turbine comprises the aftmost turbine in the gas turbine engine. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of turbine stages includes a third turbine stage spaced immediately aft of the second turbine stage, and wherein the third turbine stage has a third temperature capability that is less than the first temperature capability. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The gas turbine engine according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of turbine blades for the first turbine stage is comprised of a ceramic matrix composite material and wherein the plurality of turbine blades for at least one of the second and third turbine stages is comprised of titanium aluminide material. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The gas turbine engine according to claim 12, wherein the disk material for the first turbine stage is comprised of a powdered metal material and wherein the disk material for at least one of the second and third turbine stages is comprised of a non-powdered metal material. ### Claim 14 A gas turbine engine comprising: at least a first shaft and a second shaft rotating at a higher speed than the first shaft, wherein the first and second shafts rotate about an engine axis of rotation; a geared architecture coupling the first shaft to a fan; at least a first driving turbine configured to drive the first shaft and a second driving turbine to drive the second shaft, wherein the first driving turbine is positioned downstream of the second driving turbine such that the second driving turbine comprises a high pressure turbine and the first driving turbine comprises a low pressure turbine; a combustor positioned upstream of the second driving turbine; and wherein the low pressure turbine comprises a plurality of turbine stages including at least a first turbine stage and a second turbine stage spaced immediately aft of the first turbine stage along the axis, wherein the first turbine stage includes a first disk comprised of a first disk material having a first disk temperature capability and a first set of blades comprised of a first blade material having a first blade temperature capability, wherein the second turbine stage includes a second disk comprised of a second disk material different from the first disk material and having a second disk temperature capability, and a second set of blades comprised of a second blade material different from the first blade material and having a second blade temperature capability, and wherein the first disk temperature capability is higher than the second disk temperature capability and the first blade temperature capability is higher than the second blade temperature capability. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The gas turbine engine according to claim 14, wherein the high pressure turbine includes at least two stages, and wherein the plurality of turbine stages of the low pressure turbine comprises at least three stages, and wherein the low pressure turbine comprises the aftmost turbine in the gas turbine engine. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The gas turbine engine according to claim 14, including a compressor section upstream of the combustor, the compressor section driving air along a core flowpath, and wherein the fan drives air along a bypass flowpath. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The gas turbine engine according to claim 14, wherein the first disk includes a first plurality of slots to receive the first set of blades and the second disk includes a second plurality of slots to receive the second set of blades, and wherein distal ends of each of the first and second sets of blades is associated with a shroud. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The gas turbine engine according to claim 14, wherein the first disk material comprises a powdered metal material and the second disk material comprises a non-powdered metal material. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The gas turbine engine according to claim 14, wherein the first blade material comprises a ceramic material and the second blade material comprises a titanium aluminide material. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) The gas turbine engine according to claim 14, wherein the first disk material is comprised of a powdered metal material and the first blade material is comprised of a ceramic matrix composite material, and wherein the second disk material is comprised of a non-powdered metal material and the second blade material is comprised of a titanium aluminide material. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The gas turbine engine according to claim 20, including a third turbine stage spaced immediately aft of the second turbine stage along the axis, wherein the third turbine stage includes a third disk comprised of a third disk material different from the first and second disk materials and having a third disk temperature capability, and a third set of blades comprised of a third blade material different from the first and second blade materials and having a third blade temperature capability, and wherein the second disk temperature capability is higher than the third disk temperature capability and the second blade temperature capability is higher than the third blade temperature capability. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The gas turbine engine according to claim 21, wherein the third blade material is comprised of a forged titanium aluminide material and the third disk material is comprised of a non-powdered metal material. ### Claim 23 A gas turbine engine comprising: at least a first shaft and a second shaft rotating at a higher speed than the first shaft, wherein the first and second shafts rotate about an engine axis of rotation; a geared architecture coupling the first shaft to a fan; at least a first driving turbine configured to drive the first shaft and a second driving turbine to drive the second shaft, wherein the first driving turbine is positioned downstream of the second driving turbine such that the second driving turbine comprises a high pressure turbine and the first driving turbine comprises a low pressure turbine; a combustor positioned upstream of the second driving turbine; and wherein the low pressure turbine comprises a plurality of turbine stages including at least a first turbine stage, a second turbine stage spaced immediately aft of the first turbine stage along the axis, and a third turbine stage spaced immediately aft of the second turbine stage along the axis, wherein the first turbine stage includes a first disk comprised of a first disk material having a first disk temperature capability and a first set of blades comprised of a first blade material having a first blade temperature capability, wherein the second turbine stage includes a second disk comprised of a second disk material having a second disk temperature capability and a second set of blades comprised of a second blade material having a second blade temperature capability, wherein the third turbine stage includes a third disk comprised of a third disk material having a third disk temperature capability and a third set of blades comprised of a third blade material having a third blade temperature capability, wherein the first, second, and third disk materials comprises at least two different materials, wherein the first, second, and third blade materials comprises at least two different materials, and wherein the first and second disk temperature capability is higher than the third disk temperature capability and the first and second blade temperature capability is higher than the third blade temperature capability. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The gas turbine engine according to claim 23, wherein the first and second disk materials comprise the same material and the third disk material comprises a different material from the first and second disk materials. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) The gas turbine engine according to claim 23, including a compressor section upstream of the combustor, the compressor section driving air along a core flowpath, and wherein the fan drives air along a bypass flowpath. ### Claim 26 (depends on 23) The gas turbine engine according to claim 23, wherein the first disk and second disk material comprises a powdered metal material and the third disk material comprises a non-powdered metal material. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The gas turbine engine according to claim 26, wherein the first blade material and second blade material comprises a ceramic material and the third blade material comprises a titanium aluminide material. ### Claim 28 (depends on 23) The gas turbine engine according to claim 23, wherein the low pressure turbine comprises the aftmost turbine in the gas turbine engine.