# US 10,308,587 B2 · Functionalized fluoropolymers and electrolyte compositions > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,308,587 B2 - Document ID: US10308587B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/012,497 - Filed: 2016-02-01 - Published: 2016-08-04 - Granted: 2019-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2015-02-03 - Assignees: Blue Current, Inc. - Applicants: Blue Current, Inc. - Inventors: Alexander Teran; Benjamin Rupert; Eduard Nasybulin; Joanna Burdynska - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10308587B2 ## CPC - C07C 69/96: Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids - H01M 10/0567: characterised by the additives - H01M 10/0568: characterised by the solutes - H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents - H01M 10/4235: {Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte (H01M10/4242 takes precedence)} - H01M 4/661: {Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings (H01M4/669 take precedence)} - H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries - H01M 10/0565: Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type - H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes} - H01M 2220/10: Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant - H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane - H01M 2300/0034: Fluorinated solvents - H01M 2300/0037: Mixture of solvents - H01M 2300/0082: Organic polymers - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - C07C: ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract Provided herein are functionally substituted fluoropolymers suitable for use in liquid and solid non-flammable electrolyte compositions. The functionally substituted fluoropolymers include perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) having high ionic conductivity. Also provided are non-flammable electrolyte compositions including functionally substituted PFPEs and alkali-metal ion batteries including the non-flammable electrolyte compositions. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A non-flammable electrolyte composition comprising: an alkali metal salt; and an electrolyte solvent comprising a functionally substituted perfluoropolyether and one or more Cl—CIO cycloalkyl carbonates, wherein the functionally substituted perfluoropolyether comprises between 30 wt % and 95 wt % of the solvent, the one or more Cl—CIO cycloalkyl carbonates comprises at least 5 wt % of the solvent, and the functionally substituted perfluoropolyether is the largest component by weight of the solvent, wherein the functionally substituted perfluoropolyether is according to Formula (I): Rf—X0—R′ (I) wherein Rf is an unsubstituted perfluoropolyether backbone; X is an alkyl, fluoroalkyl, ether, or fluoroether linking group, wherein ‘o’ zero or an integer ≥1; and R′ is a linear carbonate containing group. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more C1-C10 cycloalkyl carbonates comprises at least 15 wt % of the solvent. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more C1-C10 cycloalkyl carbonates comprises at least 20 wt % of the solvent. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more C1-C10 cycloalkyl carbonates comprises at least 30 wt % of the solvent. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more C1-C10 cycloalkyl carbonates comprises ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), or butylene carbonate (BC). ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the one or more C1-C10 cycloalkyl carbonates comprises ethylene carbonate (EC). ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 6, wherein the ethylene carbonate comprises between 5 wt % and 30 wt % of the solvent. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 6, wherein the ethylene carbonate comprises between 10 wt % and 30 wt % of the solvent. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 6, wherein the ethylene carbonate comprises between 15 wt % and 30 wt % of the solvent. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solvent further comprises one or more of a conductivity enhancing additive, viscosity reducer, a high voltage stabilizer, a wettability additive, or a flame retardant, or a mixture or combination thereof. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solvent further comprises γ-butyrolactone (GBL). ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solvent comprises a high voltage stabilizer selected from 3-hexylthiophene, adiponitrile, sulfolane, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, γ-butyrolactone, 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-propane, ethyl methyl sulfone, or trimethylboroxine or a mixture or combination thereof. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solvent comprises a wettability additive selected from triphenyl phosphite, dodecyl methyl carbonate, methyl 1-methylpropyl carbonate, methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate, or phenyl methyl carbonate or a mixture or combination thereof. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solvent comprises a flame retardant additive selected from trimethylphosphate, triethylphosphate, triphenyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl dimethylphosphate, tris(trifluoroethyl)phosphate, or mixture or combination thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solvent further comprises a viscosity reducer selected from the group consisting of perfluorotetraglyme, γ-butyrolactone, trimethylphosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, difluoromethylacetate, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and vinylene carbonate (VC). ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition has a flash point greater than 100° C. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition has a flash point greater than 110° C. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition has a flash point greater than 120° C. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition has self-extinguishing time of zero. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition has an ionic conductivity of from 0.01 mS/cm to about 10 mS/cm at 25° C. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition has an ionic conductivity of from 0.1 mS/cm to 3 mS/cm at 25° C. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solvent further comprises a non-carbonate-containing functionally substituted perfluoropolymer ether having one or more aliphatic, alkyl, aromatic, heterocyclo, amide, carbamate, sulfone, phosphate, phosphonate, or nitrile terminal end groups. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 22, wherein the non-carbonate-containing functionally substituted perfluoropolymer ether comprises between 5 wt % and 25 wt % of the solvent. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) A battery comprising: an anode; a separator; a cathode; at least one cathode current collector; and the non-flammable electrolyte composition according to claim 1. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The battery of claim 24, wherein the at least one cathode current collector comprises aluminum. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The battery of claim 25, wherein the non-flammable electrolyte composition comprises LiTFSI. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The battery of claim 26, wherein non-flammable electrolyte composition prevents or reduces corrosion of the cathode aluminum current collector as compared to a reference battery comprising one or more organic carbonate solvents and LiTFSI, wherein the reference battery does not have a functionally substituted perfluoropolymer. ### Claim 28 (depends on 24) The battery of claim 24, wherein the battery has an operating temperature of about −30° C. to about 150° C. ### Claim 29 (depends on 24) The battery of claim 24, wherein the non-flammable electrolyte composition prevents or reduces the flammability of the battery as compared to a reference battery comprising one or more organic carbonate solvents and LiTFSI, wherein the reference battery does not have the functionally substituted perfluoropolyether. ### Claim 30 (depends on 1) The non-flammable electrolyte composition of claim 1, wherein R′ is an unsubstituted lower alkyl carbonate group.