# US 10,308,130 B2 · Dynamo for bicycles

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- Number: US 10,308,130 B2
- Document ID: US10308130B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/662,505
- Filed: 2017-07-28
- Published: 2018-02-01
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2016-07-29
- Assignees: Zehus S.P.A.
- Applicants: Zehus S.P.A.
- Inventors: Paolo Lisanti; Marcello Segato; Giovanni Alli; Daniele Berretta; Paolo Giudici
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10308130B2

## CPC

- B60L 58/12: responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L 7/18: Controlling the braking effect (B60L7/12, B60L7/14, B60L7/16 take precedence)
- B62J 6/12: Dynamos arranged in the wheel hub
- B62J 43/13: on rider-propelled cycles with additional electric propulsion
- B62M 6/45: Control or actuating devices therefor
- B62M 6/50: characterised by detectors or sensors, or arrangement thereof
- B62M 6/60: power-driven at axle parts
- B62M 6/90: Batteries
- H02J 7/1407: {on vehicles not being driven by a motor, e.g. bicycles}
- B60L 2200/12: Bikes
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- Y02T 10/72: Electric energy management in electromobility
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B62J: CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62M: RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR {SINGLE-TRACK} CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of transmissions in vehicles in general B60K; transmission elements per se F16)
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A dynamo that is connectable to a wheel of a bicycle may include an electric machine capable of alternatively operating as a generator and as a motor and one or more batteries connected to the electric machine in order to be capable of exchanging energy with this latter. The dynamo may also include a control unit configured for commanding the electric machine according to a first mode, wherein the electric machine acts as a generator and is capable of converting rotational mechanical energy of the wheel into electric energy to be stored in the one or more batteries, and according to a second mode, wherein the electric machine acts as a motor and is capable of delivering additional power to the bicycle wheel by withdrawing energy from the one or more batteries. The dynamo may further include one or more command members connected to the control unit.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A hub dynamo connectable to a wheel of a bicycle, comprising:
an electric machine operable alternatively as a generator and as a motor;
one or more batteries connected to the electric machine to exchange energy with the electric machine;
a closure body connectable to the wheel to rotate coaxially with the wheel, the closure body internally containing the electric machine and the one or more batteries; the closure body being free of connectors for connecting the one or more batteries to external energy sources, so that the one or more batteries are only rechargeable by the electric machine acting as the generator due to rotation of the wheel;
a control unit configured for commanding the electric machine:
according to a first mode, wherein the electric machine acts as the generator and converts a rotational mechanical energy of the wheel into recovered electric energy to be stored in the one or more batteries, the first mode being further configurable by the control unit according to a first recovered energy level and a second recovered energy level, wherein the first recovered energy level is less than the second recovered energy level under a same motion condition of the bicycle;
according to a second mode, wherein the electric machine acts as the motor and delivers additional power to the wheel by withdrawing energy from the one or more batteries;
wherein the control unit is configured to automatically select between at least one chosen from 1) the first mode and the second mode and 2) the first energy recovery level and the second energy recovery level, at least partly based on signals arriving from at least one chosen from a sensor and one or more command members operatively connected to the control unit and commandable by a user for selecting between the at least one chosen from 1) the first mode and the second mode and 2) the first energy recovery level and the second energy recovery level;
a charge sensor for detecting a charge level of the one or more batteries, operatively connected to the control unit and configured for generating a signal representative of the charge state of the one or more batteries;
wherein the control unit is configured for commanding the electric machine according to the first mode such that, under the same motion conditions of the bicycle, the recovered electrical energy increases as the charge level of the one or more batteries decreases.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, and further comprising a sensor for detecting a speed of the wheel, connected to the control unit and generating a signal representative of the speed of the wheel.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The hub dynamo according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is configured for commanding the electric machine according to the first mode so that the recovered electrical energy increases as the speed of the wheel increases.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, and further comprising a sensor for detecting a cadence of a pedal-thrust of the bicycle, operatively connected to the control unit and configured for generating a signal representative of the pedal-thrust cadence, wherein the control unit is configured for commanding the electric machine according to at least one chosen from the first mode such that the recovered electrical energy is modified as a function of the pedal-thrust cadence and the second mode such that the delivered additional power is modified as a function of the pedal-thrust cadence.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured for commanding the electric machine according to the second recovered energy level of the first mode such that the recovered electrical energy is independent from the charge level of the one or more batteries.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured for commanding the electric machine according to the second mode, such that, under the same motion conditions of the bicycle, the delivered additional power decreases as the charge level of the one or more batteries decreases.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured for performing a dosed-loop control of the charge level.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured such that the electric machine, when set at the second mode, withdraws from the one or more batteries an energy amount not greater than an energy amount stored in the one or more batteries when the electric machine is set at the first mode for a predetermined time before switching from the first mode to the second mode.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, further comprising one or more outlets for connecting external devices, wherein the one or more outlets comprise first one or more outlets for supplying critical loads from at least one chosen from the electric machine acting as a generator and the one or more batteries, and second one or more outlets for supplying non-critical loads by only the one or more batteries.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured such that the first mode set at the first recovered energy level is a normal operative mode of the electric machine.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The hub dynamo according to claim 1, wherein the electric machine is configured to gradually and continuously switch between the first recovered energy level and the second recovered energy level.

### Claim 12

A hub dynamo connectable to a wheel of a bicycle, comprising:
a closure body connectable to the wheel to rotate coaxially with the wheel;
an electric machine located inside the closure body and operable alternatively as a generator and as a motor;
one or more batteries located inside the closure body and connected to the electric machine to exchange energy with the electric machine;
a control unit configured for commanding the electric machine:
according to a first mode, wherein the electric machine acts as the generator and converts a rotational mechanical energy of the wheel into recovered electric energy to be stored in the one or more batteries, the first mode being further configurable by the control unit according to a first recovered energy level and a second recovered energy level, wherein the first recovered energy level is less than the second recovered energy level under a same motion condition of the bicycle;
according to a second mode wherein the electric machine acts as the motor and delivers additional power to the wheel by withdrawing energy from the one or more batteries;
wherein the closure body is free of connectors for connecting the batteries to external energy sources, so that the one or more batteries are only rechargeable by the electric machine acting as the generator due to rotation of the wheel;
a charge sensor operatively connected to the control unit and configured to generate a signal representative of a charge level of the one or more batteries; and
wherein the control unit is configured to automatically select between at least one chosen from 1) the first mode and the second mode, and 2) the first energy recovery level and the second energy recovery level, at least partly based on the charge level of the one or more batteries.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

A wheel of a bicycle, comprising:
a wheel rim including radial spokes running from a rotational center of the wheel;
the hub dynamo according to claim 12 connected to the radial spokes of the wheel rim, concentrically to the rotational center.