# US 10,307,750 B2 · Production of oil by pyrolysis of coal

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 10,307,750 B2
- Document ID: US10307750B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 16/014,137
- Filed: 2018-06-21
- Published: 2018-11-01
- Granted: 2019-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2013-06-24
- Assignees: Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
- Applicants: Dorin Boldor; Daniel Hayes
- Inventors: Dorin Boldor; Daniel Hayes
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10307750B2

## CPC

- B01J 37/0225: {of metal substrates}
- B01J 23/40: of the platinum group metals
- B01J 23/42: Platinum
- B01J 23/48: Silver or gold
- B01J 23/52: Gold
- B01J 23/70: of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J 29/40: of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J 29/44: Noble metals
- B01J 35/33: Electric or magnetic properties
- B01J 35/40: characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size (in a colloidal state B01J35/23; crystallite size B01J35/77)
- B01J 37/0209: {involving a reaction between the support and a fluid}
- B01J 37/0217: {Pretreatment of the substrate before coating}
- B01J 37/0219: {the coating containing organic compounds}
- B01J 37/0221: {of particles}
- B01J 37/0226: {Oxidation of the substrate, e.g. anodisation}
- B01J 37/0228: {in several steps}
- B01J 37/0246: {Coatings comprising a zeolite}
- B01J 37/06: Washing {(B01J37/0009, B01J37/0018 take precedence)}
- B01J 37/12: Oxidising
- B01J 37/349: {making use of flames, plasmas or lasers}
- C10B 19/00: Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
- C10B 53/02: of cellulose-containing material (production of pyroligneous acid C10C5/00)
- C10B 57/06: containing additives
- C10G 1/06: by destructive hydrogenation
- C10G 1/086: {Characterised by the catalyst used}
- C10G 3/44: {characterised by the catalyst used}
- C10G 3/47: {containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof}
- C10G 15/08: by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations
- C10K 3/02: by catalytic treatment
- B01J 31/00: Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds (catalyst compositions used only in polymerisation reactions C08 {; catalytic antibodies C12N9/0002})
- B01J 37/16: Reducing
- B01J 2229/32: Reaction with silicon compounds, e.g. TEOS, siliconfluoride
- C10G 2300/1011: Biomass
- C10G 2400/04: Diesel oil
- Y02E 50/10: Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
- Y02P 30/20: using bio-feedstock
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- C10B: DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS (cracking oils C10G; underground gasification of minerals E21B43/295)
- C10G: CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10K: PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

## Abstract

Catalysts useful in transforming biomass to bio-oil are disclosed, as are methods for making such catalysts, and methods of transforming biomass to bio-oil. The catalysts are especially useful for, but are not limited to, microwave- and induction-heating based pyrolysis of biomass, solid waste, and other carbon containing materials into bio-oil. The catalysts can also be used for upgrading the bio-oil to enhance fuel quality.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of producing oil from coal by pyrolysis; said method comprising the steps of:
(a) cleaning the surface of one or more metallic substrate particles, wherein each metallic substrate particle has a longest dimension between about 100 μm and about 5 mm;
(b) oxidizing or nitriding the surfaces of the metallic substrate particles, to covalently attach oxide or nitride groups to the surfaces of the metallic substrate particles;
(c) covalently bonding one or more linker groups to the oxide, to the nitride, or to the metal surface;
(d) covalently bonding one or more seed layers to the one or more linker groups, wherein the one or more seed layers comprise ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, copper, rhenium, mercury, aluminum oxide, or nickel(II) oxide;
(e) covalently bonding a catalyst layer to the one or more seed layers, wherein the catalyst layer comprises a metal, a metal oxide, a doped metal, or a zeolite; wherein the resulting catalyst/support composition is adapted to directly absorb electromagnetic energy from microwave irradiation, or electromagnetic induction, or both, and thereby to be rapidly heated to a temperature between about 250° C. and about 1000° C.;
(f) heating the catalyst/support composition to a temperature between about 250° C. and about 1000° C. by microwave irradiation, or by electromagnetic induction, or both, in an inert atmosphere inside a reactor;
(g) contacting coal with the heated catalyst/support composition for a time sufficient to transform at least a portion of the coal into oil vapors; wherein the catalyst/support composition is hotter than the coal; and
(h) condensing the oil vapors, and collecting the resulting liquid oil.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, additionally comprising the step of heating the catalyst/support composition to a temperature between about 250° C. and about 1000° C. in an inert atmosphere, wherein the stability of the catalyst is enhanced by said heating.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting step is conducted as a continuous process.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting step is conducted as a batch process.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein hydrogen gas, water, or water vapor is mixed with the coal over the heated catalyst/support composition; and wherein the hydrogen gas, water, or water vapor provides hydrogen atoms that are incorporated into the resulting oil molecules.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, additionally comprising the step of separating a gasoline fraction or a diesel fraction from the oil.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein said condensing step employs a quencher and an electrostatic precipitator.