Use of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonists in HIV therapy

A method of treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in an individual comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) antagonist to the individual in need thereof, wherein the IAP antagonist has the following structure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, N-oxide, racemate, or stereoisomer thereof:

• wherein,
• R1 is H or C1-C6alkyl;
• X1 is S, S(═O), or S(═O)2;
• and X2 is CR2cR2d;
• R2a, R2b, R2c, and R2d are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6alkyl, and —C(═O)RB;
• RB is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —C1-C6alkyl-(substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6cycloalkyl), —C1-C6alkyl-(substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5heterocycloalkyl), —C1-C6alkyl-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or —C1-C6alkyl-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl);
• R3 is C1-C3alkyl or C1-C3fluoroalkyl;
• R4 is —NHR5, —N(R5)2, or —OR5;
• each R5 is independently selected from H, C1-C3alkyl, C1-C3haloalkyl, C1-C3heteroalkyl, and —C1-C3alkyl-(C3-C5cycloalkyl);
• R7 is C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 10cycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —C1-C6alkyl-(substituted or unsubstituted C3-C10cycloalkyl), —C1-C6alkyl-(substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10heterocycloalkyl), —C1-C6alkyl-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), —C1-C6alkyl-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl), —(CH2)p—CH(substituted or unsubstituted aryl)2, —(CH2)p—CH(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl)2, —(CH2)p—CH(substituted or unsubstituted aryl)(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl), -(substituted or unsubstituted aryl)-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), -(substituted or unsubstituted aryl)-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl), -(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl)-(substituted or unsubstituted aryl), or -(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl)-(substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl);
• p is 0, 1, or 2;
• R8a, R8b, R8c, and R8d are independently selected from H, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6heteroalkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl;
• or:
• R8a and R8d are as defined above, and R8b and RR8c together form a bond;
• where each substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is substituted with 1-3 R9;
• and
• each R9 is independently selected from halogen, —OH,—SH, CN, C1-C4alkyl, C1C4 fluoroalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 fluoroalkoxy, —NH2, —NH(C1-C4alkyl), —N(C1-C4alkyl)2, —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)NH2, —C(═O)C1-C3alkyl, —S(═O)2CH3, —NH(C1-C4alkyl)-OH, —NH(C1-C4alkyl)-O—(C1-C4alkyl), —O(C1-C4alkyl)-NH2, —O(C1-C4alkyl) -NH—(C1-C4alkyl), and —O(C1-C4alkyl)-N—(C1-C4alkyl)2, or two R9 together with the atoms to which they are attached form a methylene dioxy or ethylene dioxy ring substituted or unsubstituted with halogen, —OH, or C1-C3alkyl.