3D navigation of nanoparticles via induction of metastable diamagnetic response

A method of three-dimensional navigation of magnetic nanoparticles, the method comprising:

• introducing high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles to a mammal;
• directing the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles towards a target region of the mammal by:
• subjecting the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles to an alternating signal comprising a uniform magnetic field pulse having a strength greater than a coercivity of the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic gradient pulse having a highest strength that is less than the coercivity of the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles, a location of a lowest strength of the magnetic gradient pulse being initially located at the target region of the mammal;
• and
• altering a direction of the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles by adjusting the location of the lowest strength of the magnetic gradient pulse,
• the direction of the uniform magnetic field pulse being opposite of the direction of the magnetic gradient pulse, and
• a time duration of the uniform magnetic field pulse being equal to a time duration of the magnetic gradient pulse.

A method of three-dimensional navigation of magnetic nanoparticles, the method comprising:

• introducing high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles to a mammal;
• directing the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles towards a target region of the mammal by:
• subjecting the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles to an alternating signal comprising a uniform magnetic field pulse having a strength greater than a coercivity of the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic gradient pulse having a highest strength that is less than the coercivity of the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles, a location of a lowest strength of the magnetic gradient pulse being initially located at the target region of the mammal;
• and
• altering a direction of the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles by adjusting the location of the lowest strength of the magnetic gradient pulse,
• the direction of the uniform magnetic field pulse being opposite of the direction of the magnetic gradient pulse,
• a time duration of the uniform magnetic field pulse being equal to a time duration of the magnetic gradient pulse,
• a respective time duration of each of the uniform magnetic field pulse and the magnetic gradient pulse being equal to a time duration required for the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles to physically rotate 180 degrees inside the mammal,
• the uniform magnetic field pulse and the magnetic gradient pulse being applied by an electromagnet comprising a conductive wire wrapped in a coil,
• the conductive wire being wrapped around a magnetic core,
• the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles comprising at least one of L10-phase nanostructures and Co-based iron oxides, and
• the high-anisotropy magnetic nanoparticles comprising a dielectric shell.