Yellow to transmissive electrochromic polymers

A yellow electrochromic polymer (ECP), comprising a copolymer with a dyad of a dioxy heterocyclic repeating units alternating with an aromatic repeating unit of the structure:

• where n is 2 to 200,000;
• X is S, Se, O, or NR;
• R is independently H, C1-C30 alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C6-C14 aryl, C7-C30 arylalkyl, C8-C30 arylalkenyl, C8-C30 arylalkynyl, C2-C30 alkylester, C7-C15 arylester, C8-C30 alkylarylester, C3-C30 alkenylester, C3-C30 alkynylester, NH2, C1-C30 alkylamino, C6-C14 arylamino, C7-C30 (arylalkyl)amino, C2-C30 alkenyl amino, C2-C30 alkynylamino, C8-C30 (arylalkenyl)amino, C8-C30 (arylalkynyl)amino, C2-C30 dialkylamino, C12-C28 diarylamino, C4-C30 dialkenylamino, C4-C30 dialkynylamino, C7-C30 aryl(alkyl)amino, C7-C30 di(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amino, C15-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkenyl(aryl)amino, C8-C30 alkynyl(aryl)amino C(O)NH2 (amido), C2-C30 alkylamido, C7-C14 arylamido, C8-C30 (arylalkyl)amido, C2-C30 dialkylamido, C12-C28 diarylamido, C8-C30 aryl(alkyl)amido, C15-C30 di(arylalkyl)amido, C9-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amido, C16-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amido, thiol, C1-C30 alkylhydroxy, C6-C14 arylhydroxy, C7-C30 arylalkylhydroxy, C3-C30 alkenylhydroxy, C3-C30 alkynylhydroxy, C8-C30 arylalkenylhydroxy, C8-C30 aryl alkynylhydroxy, C3-C30 polyether, C3-C30 polyetherester, C3-C30 polyester C3-C30 polyamino, C3-C30 polyaminoamido, C3-C30 polyaminoether, C3-C30 polyaminoester, C3-C30 polyamidoester, C3-C30 alkylsulfonic acid, C3-C30 alkylsulfonate salt, C1-C30 carboxylate salt, C1-C30 thiocarboxylate salt, C1-C30 dithiocarboxylate salt, or C3-C30 alkyl C1-C4 trialkyammonium salt, and wherein Ar has the structure:
• where:
• X is NR′, PR′, S, O, Se, SOx, CR2, SiR′2, GeR′2, or BR′, where x=1 or 2;
• X′ is NR′, O, Se, or S;
• where R′ is H, C1-C30 alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C6-C14 aryl, C7-C30 arylalkyl, C8-C30 arylalkenyl, C8-C30 arylalkynyl, C1-C30 hydroxyalkyl, C6-C14 hydroxyaryl, C7-C30 hydroxyarylalkyl, C3-C30 hydroxyalkenyl, C3-C30 hydroxyalkynyl, C8-C30 hydroxyarylalkenyl, C8-C30 hydroxyarylalkenyl, C3-C30 polyether, C3-C30 polyetherester, C3-C30 polyester, C3-C30 polyamino, C3-C30 polyaminoamido, C3-C30 polyaminoether, C3-C30 polyaminoester, C3-C30 polyamidoester, C3-C30 alkylsulfonic acid, C3-C30 alkylsulfonate salt, C1-C30 alkylcarboxylate salt, C1-C30 alkylthiocarboxylate salt, C1-C30 alkyldithiocarboxylate salt or C3-C30 alkyl C1-C4 trialkyammonium salt R″ is independently H, C1-C30 alkyl, C3-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C6-C14 aryl, C7-C30 arylalkyl, C8-C30 arylalkenyl, C8-C30 arylalkynyl;
• and R is independently H, C1-C30 alkyl, C2-C30 alkenyl, C2-C30 alkynyl, C6-C14 aryl, C7-C30 arylalkyl, C8-C30 arylalkenyl, C8-C30 arylalkynyl, hydroxy, C1-C30 alkoxy, C6-C14 aryloxy, C7-C30 arylalkyloxy, C2-C30 alkenyloxy, C2-C30 alkenyloxy, C8-C30 arylalkenyloxy, C8-C30 arylalkynyloxy, CO2H, C2-C30 alkylester, C7-C15 arylester, C8-C30 alkylarylester, C3-C30 alkenylester, C3-C30 alkynylester, NH2, C1-C30 alkylamino, C6-C14 arylamino, C7-C30 (arylalkyl)amino, C2-C30 alkenylamino, C2-C30 alkynylamino, C8-C30 (arylalkenyl)amino, C8-C30 (arylalkynyl)amino, C2-C30 dialkylamino, C12-C28 diarylamino, C4-C30 dialkenylamino, C4-C30 dialkynylamino, C7-C30 aryl(alkyl)amino, C7-C30 di(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amino, C15-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amino, C8-C30 alkenyl(aryl)amino, C8-C30 alkynyl(aryl)amino C(O)NH2 (amido), C2-C30 alkylamido, C7-C14 arylamido, C8-C30 (arylalkyl)amido, C2-C30 dialkylamido, C12-C28 diarylamido, C8-C30 aryl(alkyl)amido, C15-C30 di(arylalkyl)amido, C9-C30 alkyl(arylalkyl)amido, C16-C30 aryl(arylalkyl)amido, thiol, C1-C30 hydroxyalkyl, C6-C14 hydroxyaryl, C7-C30 hydroxyarylalkyl, C3-C30 hydroxyalkenyl, C3-C30 hydroxyalkynyl, C8-C30 hydroxyarylalkenyl, C8-C30 hydroxyarylalkynyl, C3-C30 polyether, C3-C30 polyetherester, C3-C30 polyester, C3-C30 polyamino, C3-C30 polyaminoamido, C3-C30 polyaminoether, C3-C30 polyaminoester, C3-C30 polyamidoester, C3-C30 alkylsulfonic acid, C3-C30alkylsulfonate salt, C1-C30 carboxylate salt, C1-C30 thiocarboxylate salt, C1-C30 dithiocarboxylate salt, or C3-C30 alkylC1-C4 trialkyammonium salt.