Control of a process for the purification of (meth)acrylic acid using on-line, near IR analysis

A coupled, two-tower distillation system for the dehydration of a reaction product obtained from the gas-phase oxidation of at least one (meth)acrylic acid precursor wherein the dehydrating is carried out without using solvent that forms an azeotrope with water, and whereby a side draw product stream of technical grade acrylic acid from the second column containing at least 98.5 wt % acrylic acid, less than 0.5 wt % water and less than 0.4 wt % acetic acid is produced, the system comprising (A) a first distillation tower equipped with a base and top, (B) a condenser coupled to and in open communication with the top of the first distillation tower, the condenser equipped with means for controlling its operating temperature wherein the means for controlling the operating temperature is configured to increase, decrease or maintain the operating temperature of the condenser based on a signal, (C) a second distillation tower equipped with a top, wherein the first distillation tower is connected to the second distillation tower such that a tails steam from the first tower is fed directly or indirectly into a top of the second tower while an overhead stream of the second tower is fed directly or indirectly into a base of the first tower (D) means for transferring dehydrated reaction product from the base of the first distillation tower to the top of the second distillation tower, and (E) a probe or flow cell positioned on or within the means for transferring dehydrated product from the base of the first distillation tower to the top of the second distillation tower, or from the overhead stream of the second distillation to the first distillation tower,

• wherein the means for controlling the operating temperature of the condenser comprises a microprocessor that receives a signal based on at least one of the water acetic acid and (meth)acrylic acid content of at least one of (i) a tails stream from the base of the first distillation tower and (ii) an overhead stream from the second distillation tower coupled to and that receives the tails stream from the first distillation tower, where said means for controlling operating temperature compares the signal against a pre-determined setpoint, said setpoint indicating a content of water, acetic acid, or (meth)acrylic acid.