Non-invasive neuromodulation (NINM) for rehabilitation of brain function

A method of providing non-invasive neurostimulation to enhance a subject's proficiency in a cognitive exercise, the method comprising:

• (a) engaging a subject in a cognitive exercise in which the subject does not have an impairment;
• (b) providing, by a signal generator, stimulation of at least one of the subject's trigeminal nerve or facial nerve, or indirectly effecting neuromodulation in the subject's hypoglossal nerve nuclei, by delivering electrical pulses generated by the signal generator to the subject's oral cavity via at least one electrode in contact with the subject's oral cavity, the delivery of electrical pulses being (i) contemporaneous with and independent of the subject's engagement in the cognitive exercise, and (ii) independent of the subject's surrounding environment;
• and
• (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) on a periodic basis.

A method of providing non-invasive neurostimulation to enhance a subject's proficiency in a physical exercise comprising:

• (a) engaging a subject in a physical exercise in which the subject does not have an impairment;
• (b) providing, by a signal generator, stimulation of at least one of the subject's trigeminal nerve or facial nerve, or indirectly effecting neuromodulation in the subject's hypoglossal nerve nuclei, by delivering electrical pulses generated by the signal generator to the subject's oral cavity via at least one electrode in contact with the subject's oral cavity, the delivery of electrical pulses being (i) contemporaneous with and independent of the subject's engagement in the physical exercise, and (ii) independent of the subject's surrounding environment;
• and
• (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) on a periodic basis.