Apparatuses and methods for transdermal electrical stimulation of nerves to modify or induce a cognitive state

A method of modifying a subject's sympathetic nervous system, the method comprising:

• positioning an anode on a medial portion of the subject's neck and a cathode on the medial portion of the subject's neck below or above the anode, wherein the anode is smaller than the cathode;
• activating a wearable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicator to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation having a frequency of 250 Hz or greater and an intensity of greater than 3 mA between the anode and the cathode;
• and
• applying the biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation between the anode and the cathode until the subject's sympathetic nervous system is suppressed.

A method of modifying a subject's sympathetic nervous system, the method comprising:

• positioning an anode on a medial portion of the subject's neck and a cathode on the medial portion of the subject's neck below or above the anode, wherein the cathode is smaller than the anode;
• activating a wearable transdermal electrical stimulation (TES) applicator to deliver a pulsed, asymmetric, biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation having a frequency of 250 Hz or greater and an intensity of greater than 3 mA between the anode and the cathode;
• and
• applying the biphasic transdermal electrical stimulation between the anode and the cathode until the subject's sympathetic nervous system is suppressed.