Ophthalmoscopes

An ophthalmoscope comprising:

• a light source, a first scanner, a first scan transfer element, a second scanner, and a second scan transfer element, which provide a two-dimensional scan of incident light from an apparent point source at a pupillary point of the eye onto the fundus of the eye, and which descan a two-dimensional scan of return light from the fundus of the eye to provide return light from an apparent point source at the first scanner,
• wherein the first scan transfer element comprises a free-form element which has a shape comprising curvature in each of first and second substantially orthogonal axes of the free-form element and defined to provide aberration correction of the return light to produce return light from any location of the fundus of the eye, which, at the apparent point source at the first scanner, has a substantially uniform divergence in a direction of the light which is substantially orthogonal to a direction of travel of the light and substantially parallel to the second axis of the free-form element.