Structurally embedded and inhospitable environment systems and devices having autonomous electrical power sources

An electrically-energized device, comprising:

• at least one of an electrically-energized sensor and an electrically-energized communication element;
• an electrical power source configured to provide electrical energy to power the at least one of the electrically-energized sensor and the electrically-energized communication element, the electrical power source including one or more electrical power source components, at least one of the one or more electrical power source components comprising:
• a first conductor formed of a first conductive material and having a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the first conductor facing away from a build surface and being conditioned to have a first work function value,
• a dielectric layer with a thickness in a range of 200 angstroms or less formed over the conditioned first surface of the first conductor, and
• a second conductor formed of a second conductive material and having a first surface with a second work function value, and having a second surface, and being arranged over the dielectric layer such that the first surface of the second conductor faces the dielectric layer,
• the first conductor, the dielectric layer and the second conductor forming a layered structure of the electrical power source component;
• a first electrical lead and a second electrical lead electrically connecting the at least one of the electrically-energized sensor and the electrically-energized communication element with the electrical power source,
• the first work function value and the second work function value being in a range of 5.0 electron volts (eV) or less, and
• the first work function value being at least 1.0 eV less than the second work function value.