Vibration and dynamic acceleration sensing using capacitors

Apparatus comprising:

• at least one sensing capacitor, and
• a controller, wherein
• the controller is configured to receive a signal from the at least one sensing capacitor indicative of a change of charge of the sensing capacitor, and wherein the controller is configured to determine an amount of force applied to the sensing capacitor, an acceleration of the sensing capacitor, a torsion of the sensing capacitor, a vibration of the sensing capacitor or a pulling force applied to the sensing capacitor based on the change of charge of the at least one sensing capacitor, and wherein a charge amplifier is connected between the at least one sensing capacitor and the controller and wherein the charge amplifier comprises at least a first operational amplifier, and wherein the at least one sensing capacitor is coupled to a printed circuit board (PCB).