A multi-walled titanium-based nanotube array containing one or more metal or non-metal dopants wherein said dopants comprise ions, compounds, clusters and particles located on at least one of a surface, inter-wall space and core of the nanotube, wherein the nanotube array comprises:
- a nanotube structure having at least one dopant located on the surface and a second dopant located in the inter-wall space of the nanotube, or one dopant located on the surface and a second dopant located in the core of the nanotube, or one dopant located on the core and a second dopant located on the inter-wall space of the nanotube, wherein the dopants comprise one or more dopants selected from the group of:
- inorganic dopant materials selected from the group consisting of Group IB, IIB, IVB, V and VIII elements,
- materials selected from the group consisting of V, Co, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Pt and Au, used as metal or nonmetal dopants, and
- a non metallic organic compound comprising a non metallic dye.