Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

A process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, the process cartridge comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• and
• at least one device selected from the group consisting of a charging device, a developing device, and a cleaning device,
• wherein the process cartridge integrally supports the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the at least one device,
• the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer, and
• the charge transporting layer contains:
• a polycarbonate resin (i) having a structural unit represented by formula (1-1), a structural unit represented by formula (1-2), and a structural unit represented by formula (1-3),
• when numbers of repetitions of the structural unit represented by the formula (1-1) and the structural unit represented by the formula (1-2) in the polycarbonate resin (i) are respectively a and b, a/b is 0.25 to 4.00,
• in the formula (1-1), R11 to R14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group,
• in the formula (1-2), R15 to R18 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group, and X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a sulfonyl group,
• in the formula (1-3), R211 to R214 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group;
• R215 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group;
• R216 and R217 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;
• and i211 represents an integer of 0 to 3.

An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
• a charging device;
• an exposure device;
• a developing device;
• and
• a transfer device,
• wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer, and
• the charge transporting layer contains:
• a polycarbonate resin (i) having a structural unit represented by formula (1-1), a structural unit represented by formula (1-2), and a structural unit represented by formula (1-3),
• when numbers of repetitions of the structural unit represented by the formula (1-1) and the structural unit represented by the formula (1-2) in the polycarbonate resin (i) are respectively a and b, a/b is 0.25 to 4.00,
• in the formula (1-1), R11 to R14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group,
• in the formula (1-2), R15 to R18 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group, and X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a sulfonyl group,
• in the formula (1-3), R211 to R214 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group;
• R215 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkoxy group;
• R216 and R217 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms;
• and i211 represents an integer of 0 to 3.