Two-dimensional graphene cold cathode, anode, and grid

An apparatus, comprising:

• a substrate;
• a two-dimensional anode positioned on the substrate;
• a two-dimensional cold cathode positioned on the substrate opposed to the two-dimensional anode;
• and
• one or more two-dimensional grids each including a portion positioned on the substrate between the two-dimensional anode and the two-dimensional cold cathode;
• wherein each of the two-dimensional anode, the two-dimensional cold cathode, and the one or more two-dimensional grids comprises:
• a first silicon carbide layer;
• a second silicon carbide layer;
• and
• a layer of graphene induced from the first silicon carbide layer, the layer of graphene positioned between the first silicon carbide layer and the second silicon carbide layer.

An apparatus, comprising:

• a substrate;
• a two-dimensional anode positioned on the substrate;
• a two-dimensional cold cathode positioned on the substrate;
• and
• one or more two-dimensional grids each including a portion positioned on the substrate;
• wherein each of the two-dimensional anode, the two-dimensional cold cathode, and the one or more two-dimensional grids comprises a first diamond layer, a second diamond layer, and a layer of graphene positioned between the first diamond layer and the second diamond layer.