Alignment film and liquid crystal display device

An alignment film comprising:

• a copolymer containing a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (1):
• wherein
• X1 and X2 may be the same as or different from each other and are each a structure represented by the following formula (X-1), (X-2), (X-3), (X-4), (X-5), (X-6), (X-7), (X-8), (X-9), (X-P1), (X-P2), (X-P3), or (X-P4), where a hydrogen atom may be replaced,
• Y is a structure represented by the following formula (Y-1), (Y-2), (Y-3), (Y-4), (Y-5), (Y-6), (Y-7), (Y-8), (Y-9), (Y-10), (Y-11), (Y-12), (Y-P1), (Y-P2), (Y-P3), or (Y-P4), where a hydrogen atom may be replaced,
• the copolymer contains a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (2):
• where n is a real number greater than 0 and smaller than 1;
• V is a structure represented by one of the following formulas (V-1), (V-2), (V-3), (V-4), (V-5), (V-6), (V-7), (V-8), (V-9), (V-P1), (V-P2), (V-P3), or (V-P4), where a hydrogen atom may be replaced;
• W is a structure represented by the following formula (W-1), (W-2), (W-3), (W-4), (W-5), (W-6), (W-7), (W-8), (W-9), (W-10), (W-11), (W-12), (W-13), (W-14), (W-15), (W-16), (W-P1), (W-P2), (W-P3), (W-P4), (W-P5), (W-P6), (W-P7), or (W-P8), where a hydrogen atom may be replaced;
• and R is a horizontal alignment group or a vertical alignment group,
• at least one of X1, X2, Y, V, and W is a photo-reactive structure, and
• the photo-reactive structure is a structure represented by any of the above formulas (X-P1), (X-P2), (X-P3), (X-P4), (Y-P1), (Y-P2), (Y-P3), (Y-P4), (V-P1), (V-P2), (V-P3), (V-P4), (W-P1), (W-P2), (W-P3), (W-P4), (W-P5), (W-P6), (W-P7), and (W-P8,