Homogenising process and apparatus with flow reversal

A homogenizing apparatus (1) comprising:

• an inlet (2) for receiving a pressurized fluid, possibly also containing solid particles;
• a zone wherein homogenization of the fluid takes place;
• an outlet (10) for the fluid at a lower pressure with respect to the pressure at said inlet (2),
• wherein, in the homogenization zone, the fluid passes, from a zone having a larger diameter to a zone having a smaller diameter,
• the homogenization zone comprising an interacting element (9) shared by a first stage, equipped with a first deflector plug (6), and a second stage suitable for creating back pressure, equipped with a second deflector plug (12), said interacting element (9) being unmovable and solidly fixed to the first detector plug (6) and to the second detector plug (12),
• where the deflector plugs (6, 12) operate with the interacting element (9) they share, generating an increase in the shear rate within the first stage,
• wherein the interacting element (9) contains a De Laval nozzle, that is a convergent-divergent nozzle that acts on the fluid going from the first deflector plug (6) to the second deflector plug (12),
• wherein the deflector plugs are adjustable independently of a flow rate of the fluid so as to change the intensity of the homogenization without substantially changing the geometry of the apparatus,
• the first deflector plug (6), together with the interacting element (9), diverting the flow of the fluid from outside of a circular section having a larger diameter inwards to a circular section having a smaller diameter.