Methods for producing fuels, gasoline additives, and lubricants using amine catalysts

A method of producing an α,β-unsaturated ketone,

• comprising:
• contacting a methyl ketone of Formula (A) with an amine catalyst;
• and
• producing an α,β-unsaturated ketone from at least a portion of the methyl ketone by a condensation reaction, wherein:
• the methyl ketone of Formula (A) is:
• wherein:
• R1 is H, alkyl, carbocyclyl, or heterocyclyl;
• wherein the alkyl, carbocyclyl, or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, nitro, and halo;
• and
• x is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and
• the amine catalyst comprises an amine moiety, a solid support, and a linker, wherein the linker attaches the amine moiety to the solid support, and wherein the solid support comprises silica, alumina, silica-alumina, TiO2, ZrO2, or Nb2O5, or any combinations thereof.