# US 10,122,260 B2 · Switched-mode power converter with a current limit circuit > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,122,260 B2 - Document ID: US10122260B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/137,097 - Filed: 2016-04-25 - Published: 2017-04-06 - Granted: 2018-11-06 - Earliest claimed: 2015-10-06 - Assignees: Dialog Semiconductor (UK) Limited - Applicants: Dialog Semiconductor (UK) Limited - Inventors: Marcus Weis - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10122260B2 ## CPC - H02M 1/32: Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection - H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters - H02M 3/156: with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract A switched-mode power converter with current limit circuits for limiting the input current into the power converter and/or the output current is presented. The power converter contains a feedback loop for controlling the output voltage of the converter. A first voltage comparison unit within the feedback loop compares an output voltage with a reference voltage and outputs an error voltage based on the comparison. The power converter also contains a current control unit for limiting the input/output current. The current control unit contains a current comparison unit and a connection unit. The current comparison unit compares the input/output current with a current threshold and outputs an intermediate voltage based on the comparison. The connection unit connects the output of the current comparison unit and the output of the current comparison unit to the output of the first voltage comparison unit if the input/output current exceeds the current threshold. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A switched-mode power converter comprising a feedback loop for controlling the output voltage of the switched-mode power converter; a first voltage comparison unit within the feedback loop configured to compare a voltage indicative of the output voltage with a reference voltage and to output an error voltage based on the comparison; a current control unit for limiting an input current into the switched-mode power converter, the current control unit comprising a current comparison unit configured to compare the input current with a current threshold and to output an intermediate voltage based on the comparison, and a connection unit connected to the output of the current comparison unit and configured to connect, in case the input current exceeds the current threshold, the output of the current comparison unit to the output of the first voltage comparison unit; wherein the current comparison unit comprises a voltage clamp whose output is connected to the output of the current comparison unit and the current comparison unit is configured to adjust the immediate voltage based on a clamp reference voltage at an input of the voltage clamp, and wherein the current control unit is configured to set, by adjusting the clamp reference voltage, the intermediate voltage such that an over-shoot of the input current is reduced. ### Claim 2 A switched-mode power converter comprising a feedback loop for controlling the output voltage of the switched-mode power converter; a first voltage comparison unit within the feedback loop configured to compare a voltage indicative of the output voltage with a reference voltage and to output an error voltage based on the comparison; a current control unit for limiting an output current at the output of the switched-mode power converter, the current control unit comprising a current comparison unit configured to compare the output current with a current threshold and to output an intermediate voltage based on the comparison, and a connection unit connected to the output of the current comparison unit and configured to connect, in case the output current exceeds the current threshold, the output of the current comparison unit to the output of the first voltage comparison unit; wherein the current comparison unit comprises a voltage clamp whose output is connected to the output of the current comparison unit and the current comparison unit is configured to adjust the intermediate voltage based on a clamp reference voltage at an input of the voltage clamp, and wherein the current control unit is configured to adjust, by adjusting the clamp reference voltage, the intermediate voltage such that an over-shoot of the output current is minimized. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The switched-mode power converter according to claim 1, wherein the connection unit is configured to connect the output of the current comparison unit to the output of the first voltage comparison unit in case the intermediate voltage is smaller than the error voltage and to isolate the output of the current comparison unit from the output of the first voltage comparison unit in case the intermediate voltage is larger than the error voltage. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The switched-mode power converter according to claim 1, wherein the current control unit is configured to adjust the clamp reference voltage slightly above a maximum value of the error voltage. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The switched-mode power converter according to claim 1, wherein the current comparison unit comprises a voltage controlled current source and a capacitance, and the voltage of the capacitance is indicative of the intermediate voltage at the output of the current comparison unit; and the voltage controlled current source is configured to charge or discharge, at its output, the capacitance in case the input current exceeds the current threshold. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The switched-mode power converter according to claim 5, the current comparison unit comprising a reference transistor whose source is connected to a first input of the voltage controlled current source, a reference current source connected to the first input of the voltage controlled current source and configured to provide a reference current corresponding to the current threshold to the reference transistor, and a sense transistor whose source is connected to a second input of the voltage controlled current source, wherein the input current into the switched-mode power converter is flowing through the sense transistor, the gates of the sense and the reference transistor are connected to each other and the drains of the sense and the reference transistor are connected to each other. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The switched-mode power converter according to claim 1, further comprising a second voltage comparison unit configured to compare the error voltage at the output of the first voltage comparison unit with a ramp voltage and to output a control signal for controlling switching elements of the switched-mode power converter. ### Claim 8 A method for limiting an input current into a switched-mode power converter, the method comprising: comparing a voltage indicative of the output voltage of the switched-mode power converter with a reference voltage in a feedback loop for controlling the output voltage of the switched-mode power converter; determining, at an output of a first voltage comparison unit, an error voltage based on said comparing; comparing an input current into the switched-mode power converter with a current threshold; determining, at an output of a current comparison unit, an intermediate voltage based on said comparing the input current; connecting, in case the input current exceeds the current threshold, the output of the current comparison unit to the output of the first voltage comparison unit to apply the intermediate voltage to the error voltage; and wherein the current comparison unit comprises a voltage clamp whose output is connected to the output of the current comparison unit and the current comparison unit adjusts the intermediate voltage based on a clamp reference voltage at an input of the voltage clamp; and wherein the intermediate voltage is adjusted, by adjusting the clamp reference voltage, such that an over-shoot of the input current is minimized. ### Claim 9 A method for limiting an output current at the output of a switched-mode power converter, the method comprising: comparing a voltage indicative of the output voltage of the switched-mode power converter with a reference voltage in a feedback loop for controlling the output voltage of the switched-mode power converter; determining, at an output of a first voltage comparison unit, an error voltage based on said comparing; comparing an output current at the output of the switched-mode power converter with a current threshold; determining, at an output of a current comparison unit, an intermediate voltage based on said comparing the output current; and connecting, in case the output current exceeds the current threshold, the output of the current comparison unit to the output of the first voltage comparison unit for applying the intermediate voltage to the error voltage; wherein the current comparison unit comprises a voltage clamp whose output is connected to the output of the current comparison unit and the current comparison unit adjusts the intermediate voltage based on a clamp reference voltage at an input of the voltage clamp; and wherein the intermediate voltage is adjusted, by adjusting the clamp reference voltage, such that an over-shoot of the input current is minimized. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, further comprising the steps of: connecting the output of the current comparison unit to the output of the first voltage comparison unit in case the intermediate voltage is smaller than the error voltage, using the connection unit and isolating the output of the current comparison unit from the output of the first voltage comparison unit in case the intermediate voltage is larger than the error voltage, using the connection unit. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, further comprising the step of: adjusting the clamp reference voltage slightly above a maximum value of the error voltage, using the current control unit. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, wherein the current comparison unit comprises a voltage controlled current source and a capacitance, and the voltage of the capacitance is indicative of the intermediate voltage at the output of the current comparison unit; and the voltage controlled current source charges or discharges, at its output, the capacitance in case the input current exceeds the current threshold. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method according to claim 12, wherein the current comparison unit comprises: a reference transistor whose source is connected to a first input of the voltage controlled current source, a reference current source connected to the first input of the voltage controlled current source and provides a reference current corresponding to the current threshold to the reference transistor, and a sense transistor whose source is connected to a second input of the voltage controlled current source, wherein the input current into the switched-mode power converter is flowing through the sense transistor, the gates of the sense and the reference transistor are connected to each other and the drains of the sense and the reference transistor are connected to each other. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The method according to claim 8, further comprising the steps of: comparing the error voltage at the output of the first voltage comparison unit with a ramp voltage using a second voltage comparison unit and outputting a control signal for controlling switching elements of the switched-mode power converter using a second voltage comparison unit. ### Claim 15 (depends on 2) The switched-mode power converter according to claim 2, wherein the current comparison unit comprises a voltage controlled current source and a capacitance, and the voltage of the capacitance is indicative of the intermediate voltage at the output of the current comparison unit; and the voltage controlled current source is configured to charge or discharge, at its output, the capacitance in case the output current exceeds the current threshold. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The switched-mode power converter according to claim 15, the current comparison unit comprising a reference transistor whose source is connected to a first input of the voltage controlled current source, a reference current source connected to the first input of the voltage controlled current source and configured to provide a reference current corresponding to the current threshold to the reference transistor, and a sense transistor whose source is connected to a second input of the voltage controlled current source, wherein the output current at the output of the switched-mode power converter is flowing through the sense transistor, the gates of the sense and the reference transistor are connected to each other and the drains of the sense and the reference transistor are connected to each other. ### Claim 17 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, wherein the current comparison unit comprises a voltage controlled current source and a capacitance, and the voltage of the capacitance is indicative of the intermediate voltage at the output of the current comparison unit; and the voltage controlled current source is charges or discharges, at its output, the capacitance in case the output current exceeds the current threshold. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method according to claim 17, wherein the current comparison unit is comprised of: a reference transistor whose source is connected to a first input of the voltage controlled current source, a reference current source connected to the first input of the voltage controlled current source and provides a reference current corresponding to the current threshold to the reference transistor, and a sense transistor whose source is connected to a second input of the voltage controlled current source, wherein the output current at the output of the switched-mode power converter is flowing through the sense transistor, the gates of the sense and the reference transistor are connected to each other and the drains of the sense and the reference transistor are connected to each other.