# US 10,121,430 B2 · Displays with series-connected switching transistors > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,121,430 B2 - Document ID: US10121430B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 14/942,068 - Filed: 2015-11-16 - Published: 2017-05-18 - Granted: 2018-11-06 - Earliest claimed: 2015-11-16 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Chin-Wei Lin; Jungbae Kim; Kyung Wook Kim; MinKyu Kim; Shih Chang Chang; Vasudha Gupta; Young Bae Park - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10121430B2 ## CPC - G09G 3/3648: {using an active matrix (G09G3/367 - G09G3/3696 take precedence)} - G02F 1/134363: {for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]} - G02F 1/136213: {Storage capacitors associated with the pixel electrode} - G02F 1/13624: {having more than one switching element per pixel} - G02F 1/136286: {Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line} - G02F 1/1368: in which the switching element is a three-electrode device {(G02F1/136277 takes precedence)} - G09G 3/3233: with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element - G09G 2300/0842: forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor - G09G 2320/043: Preventing or counteracting the effects of ageing - G09G: ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION (arrangements for transferring data between digital computers and displays G06F3/14; static indicating arrangements comprising an association of a number of separate sources or light control cells G09F9/00; static indicating arrangements comprising integral associations of a number of light sources H01J, H01K, H10H, H05B33/12; scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission, details thereof H04N1/00) - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract A display may have an array of light-emitting diode pixels or pixels containing portions of a liquid crystal layer to which electric fields are applied using electrodes. A pixel with a light-emitting diode may have a drive transistor coupled in series with the light-emitting diode. A storage capacitor may be coupled to a gate of the drive transistor. A pixel with a liquid crystal portion may have a storage capacitor coupled to a given one of the electrodes in that pixel. Switching circuitry in each pixel may be used to load data from a data line into the storage capacitor of the pixel. The switching circuitry may include a semiconducting-oxide transistor coupled to an associated data line and a series-connected silicon transistor that is coupled to the storage capacitor. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A display, comprising: display driver circuitry that supplies data on data lines and that supplies control signals; and an array of pixels each of which includes a light-emitting diode coupled to a drive transistor having a gate, wherein each pixel includes switching circuitry coupled between one of the data lines and the gate, wherein the switching circuitry includes a semiconducting-oxide transistor and a silicon transistor controlled by the control signals, and wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel is interposed between the drive transistor of that pixel and the semiconducting-oxide transistor of that pixel. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1 wherein the semiconducting-oxide transistor and the silicon transistor of each pixel are coupled in series. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The display defined in claim 2 wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel is connected to the gate of the drive transistor in that pixel. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The display defined in claim 3 wherein each pixel has a storage capacitor coupled to the gate of the drive transistor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The display defined in claim 4 wherein each pixel has a sense transistor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The display defined in claim 4 wherein the wherein each pixel has an emission enable transistor coupled in series with the drive transistor and the light-emitting diode. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The display defined in claim 4 wherein the storage capacitor of each pixel has a first terminal coupled to the gate of the drive transistor and a second terminal coupled to a path located between the drive transistor and the light-emitting diode and wherein each pixel comprises an additional capacitor coupled to the second terminal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1 wherein the semiconducting-oxide transistor of each pixel has a gate that receives a global control signal from the display driver circuitry. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The display defined in claim 8 wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel is coupled to the gate of the drive transistor and has a gate that receives a signal from the display driver circuitry that is independent of the global control signal. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1 wherein the semiconducting-oxide transistor of each pixel has a first gate, wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel is coupled to the gate of the drive transistor and has a second gate, and wherein the first and second gates receive a common control signal from the display driver circuitry. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The display defined in claim 1 wherein the light-emitting diode of each pixel comprises an organic light-emitting diode and wherein the display driver circuitry is configured to supply control signals to the semiconducting-oxide transistors that balance positive gate bias temperature stress and negative gate bias temperature stress in the semiconducting-oxide transistors. ### Claim 12 An organic light-emitting diode display, comprising: an array of pixels each of which includes an organic light-emitting diode and a drive transistor coupled in series with the organic light-emitting diode, wherein each drive transistor has a gate; display driver circuitry; and a plurality of data lines each of which supplies data to an associated column of the pixels from the display driver circuitry, wherein each of the pixels in each column has a semiconducting-oxide transistor and a silicon transistor coupled in series between the data line associated with that column and the gate of the drive transistor in that pixel and wherein the semiconducting-oxide transistor has a channel region that is formed from a semiconducting oxide material. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The organic light-emitting diode display defined in claim 12 wherein the semiconducting-oxide transistor of each pixel has a gate and wherein the gates of the semiconducting-oxide transistors in the array of pixels receive a common a global control signal from the display driver circuitry. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The organic light-emitting diode display defined in claim 13 wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel has a gate that receives a signal from the display driver circuitry that is independent of the global control signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The organic light-emitting diode display defined in claim 12 wherein the semiconducting-oxide transistor of each pixel has a first gate, wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel is coupled to the gate of the drive transistor of that pixel and has a second gate, and wherein the first and second gates receive a common control signal from the display driver circuitry. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The organic light-emitting diode display defined in claim 12 wherein each pixel has a storage capacitor coupled to the gate of the drive transistor and wherein the display driver circuitry is configured to supply control signals to the semiconducting-oxide transistors that balance positive gate bias temperature stress and negative gate bias temperature stress in the semiconducting-oxide transistors. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The organic light-emitting diode display defined in claim 12 wherein the semiconducting oxide transistor of each pixel in each column is interposed between the data line associated with that column and the silicon transistor of that pixel. ### Claim 18 A liquid crystal display, comprising: an array of pixels, each pixel including a portion of a liquid crystal layer and electrodes that apply electric fields to the portion of the liquid crystal layer; display driver circuitry; and a plurality of data lines each of which supplies data to an associated column of the pixels from the display driver circuitry, wherein each of the pixels in each column has a semiconducting-oxide transistor and a silicon transistor coupled in series between the data line associated with that column and a given one of the electrodes in that pixel and wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel is interposed between the semiconducting-oxide transistor of that pixel and the given one of the electrodes in that pixel. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The liquid crystal display defined in claim 18 wherein each pixel has a storage capacitor coupled to the given one of the electrodes in that pixel, wherein the silicon transistor in each pixel is coupled to the given one of the electrodes, wherein the semiconducting-oxide transistor of each pixel has a gate, wherein the gates of the semiconducting-oxide transistors in the array of pixels receive a common a global control signal from the display driver circuitry, and wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel has a gate that receives a signal from the display driver circuitry that is independent of the global control signal. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The liquid crystal display defined in claim 18 wherein each pixel has a storage capacitor coupled to the given one of the electrodes in that pixel, wherein the silicon transistor in each pixel is coupled to the given one of the electrodes, wherein the semiconducting-oxide transistor of each pixel has a first gate, wherein the silicon transistor of each pixel has a second gate, and wherein the first and second gates receive a common control signal from the display driver circuitry.