# US 10,120,401 B2 · System for real time power grid distribution network control > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,120,401 B2 - Document ID: US10120401B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/056,532 - Filed: 2016-02-29 - Published: 2016-06-23 - Granted: 2018-11-06 - Earliest claimed: 2013-08-30 - Assignees: Accenture Global Services Limited - Applicants: Accenture Global Services Limited - Inventors: Zitong Song; Zhihui Yang; Qin Zhou - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10120401B2 ## CPC - G05F 1/66: Regulating electric power - G05B 15/02: electric - H02J 3/0073: by providing alternative feeding paths when the main path fails - H02J 3/14: by switching loads on to, or off from, the networks, e.g. progressively balanced loading - H02J 13/12: Monitoring network conditions, e.g. electrical magnitudes or operational status - H02J 13/14: the power network being locally controlled, e.g. home energy management systems [HEMS] - H02J 13/333: the equipment forming part of substations - G01R 19/2513: {Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging} - H02J 2105/12: supplying households or buildings - H02J 2105/52: for limitation of the power consumption in the networks or in one section of the networks, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving - Y02B 70/3225: Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving - Y02B 90/20: Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector (smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00) - Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation - Y04S 10/30: State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge - Y04S 20/00: Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof - Y04S 20/222: Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving - G05F: SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES - G05B: CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS (systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables G05D; systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables G05F; control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical features only G05G) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS ## Abstract A system for power grid distribution network control can monitor a power grid distribution network in real-time, detect an abnormal loading condition based on real-time measurements on the distribution network, and perform in real time, in response to the detected abnormal loading condition, a reconfiguration analysis of the distribution network. The reconfiguration analysis can be performed based on heuristic logic that combines real time depth first trace and breadth first division of nodes within the distribution system. Through the reconfiguration analysis process, the system can generate and implement a practical and optimized reconfiguration plan in real time so as to alleviate or eliminate an abnormal loading condition in time to prevent possible pre-matured failures of equipment and consequently save cost of equipment replacement and/or related power outages. Accordingly, the distribution network may operate with improved stability and reliability, and a cost of operation can be reduced. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system for real time power grid distribution network control, the system comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing computer executable instructions, wherein the at least one memory comprises computer executable instructions executable with the at least one processor, to cause the system to: monitor in real time a power grid distribution network by receipt and real time analysis of measured power parameters of the power grid distribution network; detect an abnormal loading condition in the power grid distribution network based on real-time analysis of the measured power parameters of the power grid distribution network; perform, in response to the detected abnormal loading condition resulting from excessive real power, a reconfiguration analysis of the power grid distribution network based on the analysis of the measured power parameters to generate a reconfiguration plan for the detected abnormal loading condition, wherein the reconfiguration analysis is based on heuristic logic that combines both depth first trace upstream and downstream along a feeder of the power grid distribution network and breadth first division to other feeders within the power grid distribution system in accordance with a load transfer index that indicates an impact on a load balance from a load transfer and a number of switching operations during a load transfer. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the breadth first division is performed in response to failing to obtain, by performing the depth first trace, a result with a load transfer index lower than a predetermined index threshold. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein a result obtained by performing the breadth first division is taken as the reconfiguration plan if the result has a number of switching operations lower than a predetermined number threshold. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the load transfer index is determined by LTI=[IcapMmin−(Irated−IrealAT)]/IcapMmin*100% wherein LTI denotes the load transfer index; IcapMmin denotes a minimum branch capacity margin among upstream branches of a boundary switch; Irated denotes a rated capacity of a branch with the minimum branch capacity margin; and IrealAT denotes a real capacity of the branch with the minimum branch capacity margin after performance of a load transfer. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the abnormal loading condition comprises an overloading condition or a heavy loading condition. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the real-time measurements on a power grid distribution network are real time data received from an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein candidate solutions of the depth first search having the load transfer index within a predetermined range are used in the reconfiguration plan or candidate solutions of the breadth first search having the number of switching operations within a predetermined range are used in the reconfiguration plan. ### Claim 8 A system for real time power grid distribution network control, the system comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing computer executable instructions, wherein the at least one memory comprises computer executable instructions executable with the at least one processor, to cause the system to: monitor in real time a power grid distribution network by receipt and real time analysis of measured power parameters of the power grid distribution network; detect an abnormal loading condition in the power grid distribution network based on real-time analysis of the measured power parameters of the power grid distribution network; perform, in response to the detected abnormal loading condition resulting from excessive real power, a reconfiguration analysis of the power grid distribution network based on the analysis of the measured power parameters to generate a reconfiguration plan for the detected abnormal loading condition, wherein the reconfiguration analysis is based on heuristic logic that combines both depth first trace upstream and downstream along a feeder of the power grid distribution network and breadth first division to other feeders within the power grid distribution system, and wherein a result, obtained by performing the depth first trace, with a lowest load transfer index beyond a predetermined index threshold is taken as the reconfiguration plan, if each of results obtained by performing the breadth first division has a number of switching operations beyond a predetermined number threshold. ### Claim 9 A method for real time power grid distribution network control, comprising: monitoring in real time a power grid distribution network by receipt and real time analysis of measured power parameters of the power grid distribution network; detecting an abnormal loading condition in the power grid distribution network based on real-time analysis of the measured power parameters of the power grid distribution network; performing, in response to the detected abnormal loading condition resulting from excessive real power, a reconfiguration analysis of the power grid distribution network based on the analysis of the measured power parameters; and generating a reconfiguration plan for the detected abnormal loading condition using heuristic logic that combines: tracing, with a depth first trace, upstream and downstream along a feeder of the power grid distribution network to determine candidate solutions of the depth first trace with a load transfer index within a predetermined range, wherein the load transfer index is indicative of an impact on a load balance from load transfer; and in response to the candidate solutions of the depth first trace having respective load transfer indices outside the predetermined range, dividing, with a breadth first division, among other feeders within the power grid distribution network to determine candidate solutions of the breadth first division with a number of switching operations within a predetermined range, wherein the number of switching operations occur during load transfer. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, further comprising using a partial load transfer plan generated based on performing either the depth first trace or the breadth first division as the reconfiguration plan if the candidate solutions of the depth first trace have respective load transfer indices outside the predetermined range and the candidate solutions of the breadth first division have respective number of switching operations outside the predetermined range. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method according to claim 10, further comprising implementing the partial load transfer plan to cause a loading factor with a minimum value. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, performing the reconfiguration analysis of the power grid distribution network further comprises performing the heuristic logic when a reconfiguration optimization process based on direct current power flow fails to generate an acceptable reconfiguration plan to meet predetermined criteria, wherein the reconfiguration optimization process based on direct current power flow has an objective of minimizing a number of switching operations and has one or more of a network topology constraint, a power flow balance constraint, a switching times constraint and a line capacity constraint. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method according to claim 12, further comprising refining the reconfiguration optimization process based on direct current power flow by performing iterative operations under a rating limitation on the power grid distribution network that is adjusted based on an alternate current power flow simulation result. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The method according to claim 12, further comprising determining that the reconfiguration optimization process based on direct current power flow failed to obtain the acceptable reconfiguration plan in response to any one of: no global optimal results being obtained; or none of results meeting knowledge based rules. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, wherein detecting an abnormal loading condition in a distribution network further comprises: calculating power flow based on the real-time measurements on the power grid distribution network; and determining, based on the calculated power flow, a loading factor indicating a loading condition. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method according to claim 15, wherein detecting the abnormal loading condition comprises detecting when the loading factor is higher than a predetermined factor threshold. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The method according to claim 11, further comprising determining the loading factor by K = p 2 + q 2 S r wherein K denotes the loading factor; p denotes active power of each equipment in the distribution network; q denotes reactive power of the each equipment in the distribution network; and Sr denotes rated apparent power of the each equipment in the distribution network. ### Claim 18 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, wherein detecting the abnormal loading condition resulted from excessive real power comprising determining when a power factor under the detected abnormal loading condition is higher than a predetermined benchmark power factor threshold. ### Claim 19 (depends on 9) The method according to claim 9, further comprising: performing a reconfiguration on the distribution network based on the reconfiguration plan. ### Claim 20 An apparatus for real time power grid distribution network control, comprising: monitoring circuitry configured to monitor in real time a power grid distribution network by receipt and real time analysis of measured power parameters of the power grid distribution network; loading condition detection circuitry configured to detect an abnormal loading condition in the power grid distribution network based on real-time analysis of the measured power parameters of the power grid distribution network; and analysis process performance circuitry configured to perform, in response to the detected abnormal loading condition resulting from excessive real power, a reconfiguration analysis of the power grid distribution network based on the analysis of the measured power parameters to generate a reconfiguration plan for the detected abnormal loading condition, wherein the analysis process performing circuitry is configured to perform the reconfiguration analysis based on heuristic logic that combines both depth first trace upstream and downstream along a feeder of the power grid distribution network and breadth first division to other feeders within the power grid distribution network, and wherein a result obtained by performing the depth first trace is taken as the reconfiguration plan if the result has a load transfer index lower than a predetermined index threshold or a result with the shortest impedance path between a branch in the detected abnormal loading condition and a boundary switch involved in the result is taken as the reconfiguration plan.