# US 10,120,293 B2 · Object positioning in lithography > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,120,293 B2 - Document ID: US10120293B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/028,676 - Filed: 2014-09-25 - Published: 2016-09-01 - Granted: 2018-11-06 - Earliest claimed: 2013-10-30 - Assignees: ASML Netherlands B.V. - Applicants: ASML Netherlands B.V. - Inventors: Hans Butler; Ramidin Izair Kamidi; Yanin Kasemsinsup - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10120293B2 ## CPC - G03F 7/70775: {Position control, e.g. interferometers or encoders for determining the stage position} - G01B 9/02: Interferometers - G01B 11/002: {for measuring two or more coordinates} - G03F 7/70725: {control} - G03F: PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR; (phototypographic composing devices B41B; photosensitive materials or processes for photographic purposes G03C; electrophotography, sensitive layers or processes therefor G03G) - G01B: MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS ## Abstract An object positioning system includes an object; a measurement system to measure the position of the object, wherein each sensor of the measurement system has an associated measurement area on the object and wherein a location of at least one measurement area on the object is dependent on the position of the object; an actuator system to position the object; a control system configured to drive the actuator system, wherein the control system includes an observer with a dynamic model of the object to estimate an internal dynamic behavior of the object, wherein the dynamic model includes the dependency of the location of at least one measurement area on the position of the object, and wherein the control system is configured to drive the actuator system in dependency of an output of the observer. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An object positioning system comprising: an object to be positioned; a measurement system with one or more sensors configured to measure the position of the object in one or more degrees of freedom relative to a reference, wherein each of the one or more sensors of the measurement system has an associated measurement area on the object of which the position in one or more degrees of freedom relative to the reference is measured and wherein a location of at least one measurement area on the object is dependent on the position of the object in at least one degree of freedom; an actuator system with one or more actuators configured to position the object; a control system configured to drive the actuator system in dependency of an output of the measurement system and a set point representing a desired position of the object, wherein the control system comprises an observer with a dynamic model of the object to estimate an internal dynamic behavior of the object based on an input to the object and the output of the measurement system, wherein the dynamic model includes a dependency of the location of at least one measurement area on the position of the object in at least one degree of freedom, and wherein the control system is configured to drive the actuator system in dependency of an output of the observer, and wherein the control system is configured to compensate the output of the measurement system for the internal dynamic behavior using the estimated internal dynamic behavior. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein when the dynamic model of the object is described as a differential equation having a state equation estimating the internal dynamic behavior and an output equation estimating the output of the measurement system based on the estimated internal dynamic behavior, at least one coefficient of the output equation of the differential equation depends on the location of the at least one measurement area that is dependent on the position of the object in the at least one degree of freedom. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the observer comprises a feedback loop configured to generate a correction term for the estimated internal dynamic behavior that can be described as a weighting matrix times a difference between the output of the measurement system and a by the observer estimated output of the measurement system, and wherein the weighting matrix comprises at least one coefficient depending on the location of the at least one measurement area that is dependent on the position of the object in the at least one degree of freedom. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The system according to claim 3, wherein the weighting matrix is selected such that a dynamic behavior of the difference between the output of the measurement system and the estimated output of the measurement system as defined by the observer is less dependent on the location of the at least one measurement area that is dependent on the position of the object in the at least one degree of freedom. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the location of the at least one measurement area that is dependent on the position of the object in the at least one degree of freedom is determined from the set point. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the control system is configured to dampen the internal dynamical behavior using the estimated internal dynamic behavior. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the measurement system comprises more sensors than degrees of freedom that the object is positionable in. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors of the measurement system are interferometers having a radiation source arranged to be stationary relative to the reference, wherein radiation from the radiation source is directed towards the measurement area on the object. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors of the measurement system are encoder type sensors having a sensor head and a grating, and wherein the sensor head is arranged to be stationary relative to the reference and the grating is arranged on the object. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The system according to claim 9, wherein the grating of the measurement system comprises a grating arranged on the top surface of the object and a grating arranged on the bottom surface of the object. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A lithographic apparatus comprising an object positioning system according to claim 1. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A lithographic apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising: an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam; a support constructed to support a patterning device, the patterning device being capable of imparting the radiation with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam; a substrate table constructed to hold a substrate; and a projection system configured to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion, wherein the object is the support or the substrate table. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) A device manufacturing method wherein use is made of an object positioning system according to claim 1. ### Claim 14 A method for positioning an object, the method comprising: providing a measurement system with one or more sensors configured to measure a position of the object in one or more degrees of freedom relative to a reference, wherein each of the one or more sensors of the measurement system has an associated measurement area on the object of which the position in one or more degrees of freedom relative to the reference is measured, and wherein a location of at least one measurement area on the object is dependent on the position of the object in at least one degree of freedom; providing an actuator system with one or more actuators configured to position the object; providing a set point representing a desired position of the object; providing a dynamic model of the object to estimate an internal dynamic behavior of the object, wherein the dynamic model includes a dependency of the location of at least one measurement area on the position of the object in at least one degree of freedom; estimating the internal dynamic behavior of the object using the dynamic model by providing to the dynamic model, an input to the object and the by the measurement system measured position of the object; compensating the output of the measurement system for the internal dynamic behavior using the estimated internal dynamic behavior; and positioning the object with the actuator system based on the set point and the by the measurement system measured position of the object while taking the internal dynamical behavior into account. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method according to claim 14, wherein when the dynamic model of the object is described as a differential equation having a state equation estimating the internal dynamic behavior and an output equation estimating the output of the measurement system based on the estimated internal dynamic behavior, at least one coefficient of the output equation of the differential equation depends on the location of the at least one measurement area that is dependent on the position of the object in the at least one degree of freedom. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The method according to claim 14, comprising performing a feedback loop to generate a correction term for the estimated internal dynamic behavior that can be described as a weighting matrix times a difference between the output of the measurement system and an estimated output of the measurement system, and wherein the weighting matrix comprises at least one coefficient depending on the location of the at least one measurement area that is dependent on the position of the object in the at least one degree of freedom. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The method according to claim 14, comprising dampening the internal dynamical behavior using the estimated internal dynamic behavior. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The method according to claim 14, wherein the measurement system comprises more sensors than degrees of freedom that the object is positionable in. ### Claim 19 A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, when executed, configured to cause a computer system to at least: obtain a measured position of an object using a measurement system, the measurement system having one or more sensors configured to measure the position of the object in one or more degrees of freedom relative to a reference, wherein each of the one or more sensors of the measurement system has an associated measurement area on the object of which the position in one or more degrees of freedom relative to the reference is measured, and wherein a location of at least one measurement area on the object is dependent on the position of the object in at least one degree of freedom; estimate an internal dynamic behavior of the object using a dynamic model of the object by providing to the dynamic model, an input to the object and the by the measurement system measured position of the object, the dynamic model configured to estimate the internal dynamic behavior of the object and the dynamic model including a dependency of the location of at least one measurement area on the position of the object in at least one degree of freedom; cause compensation of the output of the measurement system for the internal dynamic behavior using the estimated internal dynamic behavior; and output information to enable positioning of the object with an actuator system based on a set point representing a desired position of the object and the by the measurement system measured position of the object while taking the internal dynamical behavior into account. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the dynamic model of the object is described as a differential equation having a state equation estimating the internal dynamic behavior and an output equation estimating the output of the measurement system based on the estimated internal dynamic behavior, and at least one coefficient of the output equation of the differential equation depends on the location of the at least one measurement area that is dependent on the position of the object in the at least one degree of freedom.