System and method for determining risk of diabetes based on biochemical marker analysis

A method comprising:

• measuring, by immunoassay, levels of two or more biochemical markers in a blood sample obtained from a pregnant individual to determine two or more biomarker levels, wherein the two or more measured biochemical markers comprise at least plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), wherein measuring the levels of the two or more biochemical markers comprises:
• contacting blood or a blood product from the blood sample with an anti-PAI-2 antibody that binds to PAI-2, thereby forming a first complex comprising the anti-PAI-2 antibody and the PAI-2 biochemical marker, and detecting the first complex in the blood or blood product from the blood sample, thereby measuring a level of PAI-2 in the blood sample;
• and
• contacting blood or a blood product from the blood sample with an anti-sTNFR1 antibody that binds to sTNFR1, thereby forming a second complex comprising the anti-sTNFR1 antibody and the sTNFR1 biochemical marker, and detecting the second complex in the blood or blood product from the blood sample, thereby measuring a level of sTNFR1 in the blood sample;
• causing display of a graphical user interface (GUI) on a display device for entry of one or more demographic values of the pregnant individual;
• receiving, by a processor of a computing device, via the GUI, the one or more demographic values of the pregnant individual;
• accessing, by the processor, the two or more biomarker levels;
• calculating, by the processor, a risk assessment score corresponding to a relative risk of the pregnant individual having or developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), wherein the risk assessment score is based in part upon (i) a comparison of each measured biomarker level and a corresponding predetermined control level, and (ii) the one or more demographic values of the pregnant individual;
• causing display of a graphical indication of the relative risk of the pregnant individual having or developing GDM;
• and
• administering to the pregnant individual medication comprising one or more members selected from the group consisting of a meglitinide, a sulfonylurea, a dipeptidy peptidase-4 inhibitor, a biguanide, a thiazolidinedione, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, an islet amyloid polypeptide mimetic, an incretin mimetic, and an insulin.

A method comprising:

• obtaining a blood sample from a pregnant individual;
• contacting blood or a blood product from the blood sample with an anti-plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) antibody that binds to PAI-2, thereby forming a first complex comprising the anti-PAI-2 antibody and PAI-2, and detecting the first complex in the blood or blood product from the blood sample, thereby measuring by immunoassay a level of PAI-2 in the sample;
• contacting blood or a blood product from the blood sample with an anti-soluble tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor (sTNFR1) antibody that binds to sTNFR1, thereby forming a second complex comprising the anti-sTNFR1 antibody and sTNFR1, and detecting the second complex in the blood or blood product from the blood sample, thereby measuring by immunoassay a level of sTNFR1 in the sample;
• causing display of a graphical user interface (GUI) on a display device for entry of one or more demographic values of the pregnant individual;
• receiving, by a processor of a computing device, via the GUI, the one or more demographic values of the pregnant individual;
• accessing, by the processor, the level of PAI-2 in the sample and the level of sTNFR1 in the sample;
• calculating, by the processor, a risk assessment score for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on:
• (a) at least one of (i) and (ii) as follows:
• (i) a decrease in the level of PAI-2 in the blood sample compared to a corresponding predetermined control level;
• and (ii) an increase in the level of sTNFR1 in the blood sample compared to a corresponding predetermined control level;
• and
• (b) the one or more demographic values of the pregnant individual;
• determining, by the processor, a relative risk of the pregnant individual having or developing GDM based on the risk assessment score;
• causing display of a graphical indication of the relative risk of the pregnant individual having or developing GDM;
• and
• administering to the pregnant individual medication comprising one or more members selected from the group consisting of a meglitinide, a sulfonylurea, a dipeptidy peptidase-4 inhibitor, a biguanide, a thiazolidinedione, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, an islet amyloid polypeptide mimetic, an incretin mimetic, and an insulin.