# US 10,119,589 B2 · Microlattice damping material and method for repeatable energy absorption

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- Number: US 10,119,589 B2
- Document ID: US10119589B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 14/156,242
- Filed: 2014-01-15
- Published: 2017-10-26
- Granted: 2018-11-06
- Earliest claimed: 2011-08-17
- Assignees: HRL Laboratories, LLC
- Applicants: HRL Laboratories, LLC
- Inventors: Tobias A. Schaedler; Alan J. Jacobsen; William Carter; Christopher P. Henry; Chia-Ming “Gavin” Chang; Geoffrey P. McKnight; Andrew P. Nowak
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10119589B2

## CPC

- F16F 7/00: Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers (using fluid F16F5/00, F16F9/00; specific for rotary systems F16F15/10 {; belt tensioners F16H7/12})
- B05D 1/00: Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials (B05D5/00, B05D7/00 take precedence)
- B32B 3/12: characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
- B32B 7/04: Interconnection of layers
- B32B 9/005: {comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile (layered products with at least two ceramic layers composed mainly of ceramic B32B18/00)}
- B32B 9/041: {of metal}
- B32B 9/045: {of synthetic resin}
- B32B 15/01: all layers being exclusively metallic {(making layered metal workpieces by pressure cladding B23K20/22; making coatings with a metallic material characterised by its composition C23C30/00)}
- B32B 15/08: of synthetic resin
- B32B 15/20: comprising aluminium or copper {(B32B15/016 and B32B15/017 take precedence)}
- B32B 27/06: as the main or only constituent of a layer, {which is} next to another layer of {the same or of} a {different material (next to a layer of a particular substance B32B9/045; next to a bituminous or tarry layer B32B11/046; next to a water setting substance layer B32B13/12; next to a metal layer B32B15/08; next to a glass layer B32B17/10; next to a layer formed of natural mineral fibres or particles B32B19/045; next to a wood layer B32B21/08; next to a cellulosic plastic layer B32B23/08; next to a natural or synthetic rubber layer B32B25/08)}
- B32B 27/08: of synthetic resin
- B33Y 80/00: Products made by additive manufacturing
- B81C 1/00126: {Static structures not provided for in groups B81C1/00031 - B81C1/00119}
- C04B 30/02: containing fibrous materials
- C23C 18/00: Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C 18/1254: {Sol or sol-gel processing}
- C23C 18/1648: {Porous product}
- C23C 18/1657: {Electroless forming, i.e. substrate removed or destroyed at the end of the process}
- C23C 18/32: Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron (C23C18/50 takes precedence)
- C23C 26/00: Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C25D 1/00: Electroforming
- C25D 1/08: Perforated or foraminous objects, e.g. sieves (C25D1/10 takes precedence)
- C25D 13/12: characterised by the article coated
- B32B 3/10: characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B 2250/02: 2 layers
- B32B 2250/03: 3 layers
- B32B 2250/40: Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
- B32B 2307/102: Insulating
- B32B 2307/20: having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B 2307/202: Conductive
- B32B 2307/302: Conductive
- B32B 2307/308: Heat stability
- B32B 2307/50: having particular mechanical properties
- B32B 2307/51: Elastic
- B32B 2307/536: Hardness
- B32B 2307/54: Yield strength; Tensile strength
- B32B 2307/542: Shear strength
- B32B 2307/56: Damping, energy absorption
- B32B 2307/704: Crystalline
- B32B 2307/706: Anisotropic
- B32B 2307/714: Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
- B32B 2307/72: Density
- B32B 2307/732: Dimensional properties
- B32B 2605/08: Cars
- B32B 2605/12: Ships
- B32B 2605/16: Submarines
- B32B 2605/18: Aircraft
- B81B 3/0035: {Constitution or structural means for controlling the movement of the flexible or deformable elements}
- B81B 3/0067: {Mechanical properties}
- B81B 3/007: {For controlling stiffness, e.g. ribs}
- C04B 2111/40: Porous or lightweight materials
- C04B 2111/52: Sound-insulating materials
- C23C 16/00: Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes (reactive sputtering or vacuum evaporation C23C14/00)
- Y10T 428/1234: Honeycomb, or with grain orientation or elongated elements in defined angular relationship in respective components [e.g., parallel, inter- secting, etc.]
- Y10T 428/12361: having aperture or cut
- Y10T 428/12375: having member which crosses the plane of another member [e.g., T or X cross section, etc.]
- Y10T 428/12479: Porous [e.g., foamed, spongy, cracked, etc.]
- Y10T 428/24149: Honeycomb-like
- Y10T 428/24273: including aperture
- Y10T 428/24661: Forming, or cooperating to form cells
- Y10T 428/249953: Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T 428/26: Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- F16F: SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- B05D: PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL (conveying articles or workpieces through baths of liquid B65G, e.g. B65G49/02)
- B32B: LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B81C: PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS (making microcapsules or microballoons B01J13/02; processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements per se H10N30/01)
- C04B: LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE {(roofing granules E04D7/005)}; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C23C: COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL (making metal-coated products by extrusion B21C23/22; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, see the relevant places, e.g. B21D39/00, B23K; metallising of glass C03C; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone C04B41/00; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals C23D; treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis C25D; single-crystal film growth C30B; by metallising textiles D06M11/83; decorating textiles by locally metallising D06Q1/04)
- C25D: PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- B81B: MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES (piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive elements per se H10N30/00, H10N35/00)
- Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

## Abstract

Described is a micro-lattice damping material and a method for repeatable energy absorption. The micro-lattice damping material is a cellular material formed of a three-dimensional interconnected network of hollow tubes. This material is operable to provide high damping, specifically acoustic, vibration or shock damping, by utilizing the energy absorption mechanism of hollow tube buckling, which is rendered repeatable by the micro-lattice architecture.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A damping material, comprising:
a micro-lattice formed of a three-dimensional interconnected network of hollow tubes;
wherein the hollow tubes are formed of a material having a relatively density in a range of 0.00001 to 0.0005 in relation to the theoretical density of the material and have a wall thickness and a diameter, such that a wall thickness to diameter ratio is on the order of εy, wherein εy denotes a yield strain material property of the material forming the hollow tubes; and
wherein the damping ability is provided by elastic buckling of the hollow tubes and/or nodes where the tubes intersect upon receiving a load, whereby upon removal of that load, the micro-lattice substantially recovers its original shape.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the hollow tubes are formed of a material selected from a group consisting of metal, ceramic, and a polymer.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a constraining layer attached to the micro-lattice, with the micro-lattice being attached with an object to be dampened.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the micro-lattice includes a damping coefficient (tan δ) that is greater than 0.05.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the micro-lattice has a density smaller than 0.1 g/cm3.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1, further comprising two materials, with the micro-lattice being partially compressed between the two materials such that the micro-lattice is pre-loaded with strain.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The damping material as set forth in claim 6, wherein the micro-lattice is preloaded to strains between 3% and 50%.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the micro-lattice has a density of 10 mg/cm3 or less.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the micro-lattice operable for damping at temperatures greater than 300 degrees Celsius, lower than negative 100 degrees Celsius, or over temperature range exceeding 200 degrees Celsius.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the micro-lattice is attached to one or more face sheets.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The damping material as set forth in claim 1,
wherein the diameter is between 10 and 1000 microns; and
wherein the wall thickness is between 0.01 and 2 microns.