Anion-coordinating polymer electrolytes and related compositions, methods and systems

An anion-coordinating polymer comprising a plurality of one or more anion-coordinating units of Formula (I)

• wherein
• X1, is B, Al or Ga,
• X2, X3, X4 and X5 are atoms other than H each optionally bound to one to three hydrogen atoms,
• R1 and R2 are independently a C1 to C5 linear alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more C1 to C4 alkyl groups, the one or more C1 to C4 groups being optionally substituted with a BF2 group,
• x1=1, and x2, x3, x4, and x5 are independently 0 or 1, so that x1+x2+x3+x4+x5=1 to 4, and
• r1 and r2 are independently 0 or 1,
• and wherein
• X1, forms together with any optionally bound H atoms, a united atom having a positive partial charge with a magnitude |δ1|=0.25 to 1.15±0.1, and
• each of X2, X3 X4 and X5 is an atom independently forming, together with any optionally bound H atoms, a united atom having a negative partial charge, with negative partial charges of X2, X3 X4 and X5 united atoms having a magnitude |δ2| equal to or less than |δ1|;
• optionally in combination with one or more cation coordinating units of Formula (II)
• wherein
• Q is a group of one to 5 atoms other than H each optionally bound to one to three hydrogen atoms, in which
• at least one atom other than C forms together with any optionally bound H atoms, a united atom having has a negative partial charges with a magnitude |δ5|,
• and each of the remaining atoms form together with any optionally bound H atoms a united atom, with the remaining united atoms having a positive partial charges with a magnitude |δ6|≤|δ5|,
• R3 and R4 are independently a C1 to C5 linear alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more C1 to C4 alkyl groups, and
• r3 and r4 are independently 0 or 1
• wherein
• the anion-coordinating units of Formula (I) are independently selected to provide in the anion-coordinating polymer a total number of anion-coordinating units u, and
• the cation-coordinating units of Formula (II) are independently selected to provide in the anion-coordinating polymer a total number of cation-coordinating units v, and wherein u≥v.