# US 10,117,613 B2 · Tissue-integrating sensors > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 10,117,613 B2 - Document ID: US10117613B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 15/087,514 - Filed: 2016-03-31 - Published: 2016-07-28 - Granted: 2018-11-06 - Earliest claimed: 2010-10-06 - Assignees: Profusa, Inc. - Applicants: Profusa, Inc. - Inventors: Natalie A. Wisniewski; Kristen Helton; William A. McMillan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10117613B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/1459: invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter - A61B 5/0004: {characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted} - A61B 5/0017: {transmitting optical signals} - A61B 5/0031: {Implanted circuitry} - A61B 5/076: {Permanent implantation} - A61B 5/14503: {invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors (A61B5/1459, A61B5/1464, A61B5/1473, A61B5/1482, A61B5/14865 take precedence)} - A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement} - A61B 5/14735: {comprising an immobilised reagent} - A61B 5/1495: Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes - A61B 5/681: {Wristwatch-type devices} - A61B 5/7278: {Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesizing signals from measured signals} - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) ## Abstract Tissue-integrating biosensors, systems comprising these sensors and methods of using these sensors and systems for the detection of one or more analytes are provided. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A tissue-integrating sensor for detecting an analyte, consisting of: a hydrogel scaffold defining a plurality of hollow, interconnected pores such that capillaries can grow directly into the hydrogel scaffold; and one or more sensing moieties disposed within the hydrogel scaffold, a sensing moiety from the one or more sensing moieties configured to produce a signal in a presence of an analyte. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel scaffold consists of the sensing moiety. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensing moiety and the hydrogel scaffold, collectively, are homogenous. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of hollow, interconnected pores are configured such that capillaries can grow in close proximity to the one or more sensing moieties in all regions of the tissue-integrating sensor. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of hollow, interconnected pores are configured such that, when the tissue-integrating sensor is placed into a tissue of a subject, capillaries can grow into the hydrogel scaffold such that an average distance from any point of the tissue-integrating sensor to a first blood vessel is no greater than 100 microns more than an average distance from any point in the tissue into which the tissue-integrating sensor is placed to a second blood vessel. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein: the tissue-integrating sensor is configured to be placed directly into a tissue of a subject devoid of additional sensor elements; the tissue-integrating sensor alone is configured to be illuminated by an excitation light produced by an interrogator while the tissue-integrating sensor is within the tissue of the subject, and the interrogator is external to the subject's body; and the tissue-integrating sensor alone is configured to produce the signal in response to the excitation light such that the signal is detectable by a detector external to the subject's body. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the tissue-integrating sensor is configured to contact only tissue when the tissue-integrating sensor is placed into a tissue of a subject. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the tissue-integrating sensor is cylindrical. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the tissue-integrating sensor is cylindrical and has a diameter of 500 micrometers or less. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensing moieties are configured to produce the signal in the presence of the analyte in vivo. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein: the tissue-integrating sensor is configured to be implanted in a subcutis of a subject; and the signal produced by the one or more sensing moieties is configured to be detected by a detector external to an epidermis of the subject. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel scaffold is an inverse colloid crystal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of hollow, interconnected pores are constructed by dissolving sintered microparticles. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the signal is an optical signal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein: the tissue-integrating sensor is configured to be placed directly into a tissue of a subject; the tissue-integrating sensor alone is configured to be illuminated by an excitation light produced by an interrogator while the tissue-integrating sensor is within the tissue of the subject and the interrogator is external to the subject's body; and the tissue-integrating sensor alone is configured to produce the signal in response to the excitation light such that the signal is detectable by a detector external to the subject's body. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The tissue-integrating sensor of claim 1, wherein the hydrogel scaffold has a single layer. ### Claim 17 An apparatus, comprising: a hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold defining a plurality of hollow, interconnected pores configured such that capillaries can grow directly into the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold; and a sensing moiety included within the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold, the sensing moiety configured to produce a signal in a presence of an analyte. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold is configured to be placed in direct contact with a tissue of a subject. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold has a cylindrical shape. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus of claim 19, wherein an entirety of a periphery of the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold is configured to be placed in direct contact with a tissue of a subject. ### Claim 21 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the entire apparatus is configured to be placed into a tissue of a subject, the apparatus being devoid of electronics. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein hydrogel of the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold is permeable to the analyte. ### Claim 23 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold is constructed entirely of one or more sensing moieties, the sensing moiety being from the one or more sensing moieties. ### Claim 24 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold has a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 500 micrometers or less. ### Claim 25 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the sensing moiety is a stimuli-sensitive polymer. ### Claim 26 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the signal is an optical signal. ### Claim 27 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the hydrogel, tissue-integrating scaffold has a single layer. ### Claim 28 A tissue-integrating sensor for detecting an analyte, consisting of: a hydrogel scaffold having a single layer defining a plurality of interconnected pores such that capillaries can grow directly into the hydrogel scaffold; one or more sensing moieties disposed within the hydrogel scaffold, a sensing moiety from the one or more sensing moieties configured to produce a signal in the presence of an analyte; and one or more calibration moieties disposed within the hydrogel scaffold, a calibration moiety from the one or more calibration moieties configured to produce a signal when illuminated by an excitation light.