# US 10,099,676 B2 · Traction system for a vehicle

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- Number: US 10,099,676 B2
- Document ID: US10099676B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/106,787
- Filed: 2014-12-23
- Published: 2017-01-05
- Granted: 2018-10-16
- Earliest claimed: 2013-12-23
- Assignees: Scania CV AB
- Applicants: Scania CV AB
- Inventors: Johan Lindström; Mathias Björkman; Mikael Bergquist; Niklas Pettersson
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US10099676B2

## CPC

- B60W 20/00: Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles {(hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L)}
- B60K 1/02: comprising more than one electric motor
- B60K 6/365: with the gears having orbital motion
- B60K 6/387: Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
- B60K 6/40: characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
- B60K 6/44: Series-parallel type
- B60K 6/445: Differential gearing distribution type
- B60K 6/46: Series type
- B60K 6/48: Parallel type
- B60K 17/02: characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
- B60W 10/02: including control of driveline clutches
- B60W 10/06: including control of combustion engines
- B60W 10/08: including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
- B60W 10/115: with planetary gears
- B60W 10/12: including control of differentials
- B60W 20/10: Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W 20/15: Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
- B60W 20/20: Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
- B60W 20/30: Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio {(control of change speed gearings, together with other vehicle sub-units B60W10/10; HEV transmission gearing B60K6/36; gearings and control thereof F16H)}
- B60W 20/40: Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers {(power-up or power-down of the driveline B60W30/192)}
- B60W 30/18: Propelling the vehicle
- B60W 30/18027: {Drive off, accelerating from standstill}
- B60W 30/181: {Preparing for stopping}
- B60W 30/18109: {Braking}
- B60W 30/1886: {Controlling power supply to auxiliary devices}
- F02D 41/042: {for stopping the engine}
- F02D 41/062: {for starting (F02D41/061 takes precedence)}
- F02D 41/26: using computer, e.g. microprocessor
- F02D 41/3005: {Details not otherwise provided for}
- F16H 3/728: {with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing}
- B60K 6/547: the transmission being a stepped gearing
- B60W 10/10: including control of change-speed gearings
- B60W 30/18009: {related to particular drive situations}
- B60W 2400/00: Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60W 2510/125: Locking status
- B60W 2520/40: Torque distribution
- B60W 2710/021: Clutch engagement state
- B60W 2710/06: Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W 2710/0644: Engine speed
- B60W 2710/081: Speed
- B60W 2710/083: Torque
- B60W 2710/1038: Output speed
- B60W 2710/105: Output torque
- B60W 2710/125: Locking status
- B60W 2710/248: Current for loading or unloading
- B60W 2710/30: Auxiliary equipments
- B60W 2710/305: target power to auxiliaries
- B60W 2720/40: Torque distribution
- B60Y 2200/92: Hybrid vehicles
- B60Y 2300/18: Propelling the vehicle
- B60Y 2300/18025: Drive off, accelerating from standstill
- B60Y 2300/18091: Preparing for stopping
- B60Y 2300/188: Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
- B60Y 2300/19: Improvement of gear change, e.g. synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
- B60Y 2300/43: Control of engines
- B60Y 2300/60: Control of electric machines, e.g. problems related to electric motors or generators
- B60Y 2300/78: Power split
- B60Y 2300/84: Differential locking
- B60Y 2400/73: Planetary gearings
- Y02T 10/62: Hybrid vehicles
- Y10S 903/903: having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S 903/91: Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
- Y10S 903/93: Conjoint control of different elements
- Y10S 903/945: Characterized by control of gearing, e.g. control of transmission ratio
- B60W: CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60K: ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W)
- F16H: GEARING
- B60Y: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

## Abstract

A drive system for a vehicle comprises two electrical machines arranged between a combustion engine and an input shaft to a gearbox. The first machine's rotor and the input shaft of the gearbox are each connected to a separate component of a planetary gear. The second electrical machine's rotor is connected with the output shaft of the combustion engine, which is connected with another component of the planetary gear. A first locking means may be moved between a locked position, in which the planetary gear's three components rotate at the same rotational speed, and a release position, allowing for different rotational speeds. A second locking means is moveable between a locked position, in which the output shaft of the combustion engine is locked together with the second machine's rotor and a release position, in which the combustion engine's output shaft is disconnected from the second machine's rotor.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A drive system for a vehicle, wherein the drive system comprises:
an output shaft in a combustion engine;
an input shaft of a gearbox;
a first electrical machine comprising a stator and a rotor;
a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun wheel, a ring gear and a planetary wheel carrier, wherein the output shaft of the combustion engine is connected to a first of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the output shaft leads to a rotation of such first of said components, wherein the input shaft of the gearbox is connected with a second of said components of the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the input shaft of the gear box leads to a rotation of such second of said components, and wherein the rotor of the first electrical machine is connected with a third of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the rotor of the first electrical machine leads to a rotation of such third of said components;
a first locking means, which may be moved between a locked position in which two of said components of the planetary gear are locked together, so that the three components of the planetary gear rotate with the same rotational speed, and a release position in which the components of the planetary gear are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds;
a second electrical machine, with a stator and a rotor, connected to the combustion engine's output shaft between the combustion engine and said first of said components of the planetary gear;
a second locking means which may be moved between a locked position, in which the combustion engine's output shaft is locked to the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and a release position, in which the output shaft of the combustion engine is disconnected from the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and is allowed to rotate independently of the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear; and
at least one control device, adapted to control fuel supply to the combustion engine and to control exchange of electrical power between the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine and/or between the first electrical machine and/or the second electrical machine and at least one electric energy storage device, if the at least one electric energy storage device is present in the drive system,
wherein the at least one control device is adapted to control said first and second locking means to be moved between the locked position and the release position and, wherein to move the first and second locking means to the lock position, said at least one control device controls the combustion engine, and/or the first electrical machine, and/or the second electrical machine to achieve the same rotational speed in the parts that are to be locked together by the respective first and second locking means, and, subsequently, to control the first and second locking means to be moved to the locked position, and, in order to move the first and second locking means to the release position, said at least one control device controls the combustion engine, and/or the first electrical machine, and/or the second electrical machine to achieve torque balance between the parts that are to be released from each other and, subsequently, to control the first and second locking means to be moved to the release position,
wherein when the vehicle is at a standstill with the combustion engine running at idling engine speed, the first locking means is in a release position, and the second locking means is in a locked position, in order to move the vehicle off with power balance the control device is further adapted to:
control the first electrical machine to delivery of a torque thereof, so that a requested torque is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox;
control the combustion engine towards and to its idling speed;
control the second electrical machine to deliver a torque, so that a desired power to an energy storage means and electrical loads comprised in the vehicle are achieved;
in case the torque available in the combustion engine at idling speed is insufficient to both counteract the reaction torque from the first electrical machine and the torque applied from the second electrical machine, control the combustion engine to increase the engine speed thereof, in order to increase the torque available from the combustion engine; and
control the first locking means to be moved to the locked position, when the input shaft of the gearbox, the rotor of the first electrical machine and the output shaft of the combustion engine rotate with the same rotational speed.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The drive system according to claim 1, wherein the second locking means are adapted to, in the release position, separate a first part of the output shaft of the combustion engine, arranged nearest the combustion engine, from a second part of the output shaft, connected with said first of said components of the planetary gear, and that the second electrical machine's rotor is connected with said second part of the output shaft.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The drive system according to claim 1, wherein the output shaft of the combustion engine, the rotor of the first electrical machine, the rotor of the second electrical machine, and the input shaft of the gearbox are rotatably arranged around a common rotation axis.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The drive system according to claim 1, wherein the sun wheel of the planetary gear is said first of said components and the ring gear of the planetary gear is said third component.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The drive system according to claim 1, wherein when the vehicle is driven with the combustion engine turned off and the second locking means is in the release position, for start of the combustion engine, the control device is adapted to control:
the first locking means to be moved to the release position;
the first electrical machine to achieve a requested torque transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox;
the second electrical machine towards and to a standstill;
the second locking means to be moved to the locked position;
the second electrical machine towards and to the combustion engine's idling engine speed; and
injection of fuel into the combustion engine.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The drive system according to claim 1, wherein when the vehicle is driven with the combustion engine running, and with the first locking means in the locked position, in order to drive the vehicle powered by the electrical machines, the control device is adapted to control:
the combustion engine and/or the first electrical machine and/or the second electrical machine to achieve torque balance in the planetary gear;
the first locking means to be moved to the release position;
if the second locking means are in a release position, the second electrical machine and the combustion engine to a synchronous rotational speed of the second electrical machine's rotor and the combustion engine's output shaft, and to move the second locking means to the locked position;
cessation of injection of fuel into the combustion engine;
the second electrical machine towards and to a standstill;
the second locking means to be moved to the release position;
the second electrical machine towards and up to the engine speed of the gearbox's input shaft; and
the first locking means to be moved to the locked position.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The drive system according to claim 1, wherein when the vehicle is driven with the combustion engine running, and with the first and second locking means in the locked position, at braking of the vehicle towards stop, the control device is adapted to control:
a desired braking torque to be distributed between the first and second electrical machines;
when a certain value of the vehicle's speed is not met, the first and second electrical machine, so that torque balance is achieved in the planetary gear, at the same time as a total torque transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox corresponds to the desired braking torque;
the first locking means to be moved to the release position;
the combustion engine towards and to an idling speed; and
ramping down of a total braking torque from the first and second electrical machine towards zero in connection with the vehicle stopping.

### Claim 8

A computer program product to control a drive system for a vehicle, wherein the drive system comprises an output shaft in a combustion engine, an input shaft of a gearbox, a first electrical machine comprising a stator and a rotor, a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun wheel, a ring gear and a planetary wheel carrier, wherein the output shaft of the combustion engine is connected to a first of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the output shaft leads to a rotation of such first of said components, wherein the input shaft of the gearbox is connected with a second of said components of the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the input shaft of the gear box leads to a rotation of such second of said components, and wherein the rotor of the first electrical machine is connected with a third of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the rotor of the first electrical machine leads to a rotation of such third of said components, wherein the drive system also comprises a first locking means, which may be moved between a locked position in which two of said components of the planetary gear are locked together, so that the three components of the planetary gear rotate with the same rotational speed, and a release position in which the components of the planetary gear are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds, wherein the drive system comprises a second electrical machine, with a stator and a rotor, connected to the combustion engine's output shaft between the combustion engine and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and a second locking means which may be moved between a locked position, in which the combustion engine's output shaft is locked to the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and a release position, in which the output shaft of the combustion engine is disconnected from the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and is allowed to rotate independently of the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and
wherein the computer program product is stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and comprises computer-readable program code portions embodied therein, the computer-readable program code portions comprises computer code to cause one or more electronic processors to:
control fuel supply to the combustion engine and to control exchange of electrical power between the first electrical machine and the second electrical and/or between the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine and at least one electric energy storage device, if the at least one electric energy storage device is present in the drive system,
control said first and second locking means to be moved between the locked position and the release position and, wherein to move the first and second locking means to the lock position, said at least one control device controls-the combustion engine, and/or the first electrical machine, and/or the second electrical machine to achieve the same rotational speed in the parts that are to be locked together by the respective first and second locking means, and, subsequently, to control the first and second locking means to be moved to the locked position, and, in order to move the first and second locking means to the release position, said at least one control device controls the combustion engine, and/or the first electrical machine, and/or the second electrical machine to achieve torque balance between the parts that are to be released from each other and, subsequently, to control the first and second locking means to be moved to the release position,
wherein when the vehicle is at a standstill with the combustion engine running at idling engine speed, the first locking means is in a release position, and the second locking means is in a locked position, in order to move the vehicle off with power balance the control device is further adapted to:
control the first electrical machine to delivery of a torque thereof, so that a requested torque is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox;
control the combustion engine towards and to its idling speed;
control the second electrical machine to deliver a torque, so that a desired power to an energy storage means and electrical loads comprised in the vehicle are achieved;
in case the torque available in the combustion engine at idling speed is insufficient to both counteract the reaction torque from the first electrical machine and the torque applied from the second electrical machine, control the combustion engine to increase the engine speed thereof, in order to increase the torque available from the combustion engine; and
control the first locking means to be moved to the locked position, when the input shaft of the gearbox, the rotor of the first electrical machine and the output shaft of the combustion engine rotate with the same rotational speed.

### Claim 9

An electronic control device for control of a drive system for a motor vehicle, wherein the drive system comprises an output shaft in a combustion engine, an input shaft of a gearbox, a first electrical machine comprising a stator and a rotor, a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun wheel, a ring gear and a planetary wheel carrier, wherein the output shaft of the combustion engine is connected to a first of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the output shaft leads to a rotation of such first of said components, wherein the input shaft of the gearbox is connected with a second of said components of the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the input shaft of the gear box leads to a rotation of such second of said components, and wherein the rotor of the first electrical machine is connected with a third of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the rotor of the first electrical machine leads to a rotation of such third of said components, wherein the drive system also comprises a first locking means, which may be moved between a locked position in which two of said components of the planetary gear are locked together, so that the three components of the planetary gear rotate with the same rotational speed, and a release position in which the components of the planetary gear are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds, wherein the drive system comprises a second electrical machine, with a stator and a rotor, connected to the combustion engine's output shaft between the combustion engine and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and a second locking means which may be moved between a locked position, in which the combustion engine's output shaft is locked to the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and a release position, in which the output shaft of the combustion engine is disconnected from the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and is allowed to rotate independently of the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and
wherein said electronic device comprises:
a storage device;
an electronic processor operatively coupled to the storage device; and
a computer program product stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium on the storage device and comprising computer-readable program code portions embodied therein, the computer-readable program code portions comprises computer code to cause one or more electronic processors to:
control fuel supply to the combustion engine and to control exchange of electrical power between the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine and/or between the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine and at least one electric energy storage device, if the at least one electric energy storage device is present in the drive system,
control said first and second locking means to be moved between the locked position and the release position and, wherein to move the first and second locking means to the lock position, said at least one control device controls-the combustion engine, and/or the first electrical machine, and/or the second electrical machine to achieve the same rotational speed in the parts that are to be locked together by the respective first and second locking means, and, subsequently, to control the first and second locking means to be moved to the locked position, and, in order to move the first and second locking means to the release position, said at least one control device controls the combustion engine, and/or the first electrical machine, and/or the second electrical machine to achieve torque balance between the parts that are to be released from each other and, subsequently, to control the first and second locking means to be moved to the release position,
wherein when the vehicle is at a standstill with the combustion engine running at idling engine speed, the first locking means is in a release position, and the second locking means is in a locked position, in order to move the vehicle off with power balance the control device is further adapted to:
control the first electrical machine to delivery of a torque thereof, so that a requested torque is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox;
control the combustion engine towards and to its idling speed;
control the second electrical machine to deliver a torque, so that a desired power to an energy storage means and electrical loads comprised in the vehicle are achieved;
in case the torque available in the combustion engine at idling speed is insufficient to both counteract the reaction torque from the first electrical machine and the torque applied from the second electrical machine, control the combustion engine to increase the engine speed thereof, in order to increase the torque available from the combustion engine; and
control the first locking means to be moved to the locked position, when the input shaft of the gearbox, the rotor of the first electrical machine and the output shaft of the combustion engine rotate with the same rotational speed.

### Claim 10

A vehicle comprising a drive system,
wherein the drive system comprises an output shaft in a combustion engine, an input shaft of a gearbox, a first electrical machine comprising a stator and a rotor, a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun wheel, a ring gear and a planetary wheel carrier, wherein the output shaft of the combustion engine is connected to a first of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the output shaft leads to a rotation of such first of said components, wherein the input shaft of the gearbox is connected with a second of said components of the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the input shaft of the gear box leads to a rotation of such second of said components, and wherein the rotor of the first electrical machine is connected with a third of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of the rotor of the first electrical machine leads to a rotation of such third of said components, wherein the drive system also comprises a first locking means, which may be moved between a locked position in which two of said components of the planetary gear are locked together, so that the three components of the planetary gear rotate with the same rotational speed, and a release position in which the components of the planetary gear are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds, wherein the drive system comprises a second electrical machine, with a stator and a rotor, connected to the combustion engine's output shaft between the combustion engine and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and a second locking means which may be moved between a locked position, in which the combustion engine's output shaft is locked to the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and a release position, in which the output shaft of the combustion engine is disconnected from the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and is allowed to rotate independently of the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components of the planetary gear, and
wherein said vehicle comprises an electronic device comprising:
a storage device;
an electronic processor operatively coupled to the storage device; and
a computer program product stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium on the storage device and comprising computer-readable program code portions embodied therein, the computer-readable program code portions comprises computer code to cause one or more electronic processors to:
control fuel supply to the combustion engine and to control exchange of electrical power between the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine and/or between the first electrical machine and the second electrical machine and at least one electric energy storage device, if the at least one electric energy storage device is present in the drive system,
control said first and second locking means to be moved between the locked position and the release position and, wherein to move the first and second locking means to the lock position, said at least one control device controls-the combustion engine, and/or the first electrical machine, and/or the second electrical machine to achieve the same rotational speed in the parts that are to be locked together by the respective first and second locking means, and, subsequently, to control the first and second locking means to be moved to the locked position, and, in order to move the first and second locking means to the release position, said at least one control device controls the combustion engine, and/or the first electrical machine, and/or the second electrical machine to achieve torque balance between the parts that are to be released from each other and, subsequently, to control the first and second locking means to be moved to the release position,
wherein when the vehicle is at a standstill with the combustion engine running at idling engine speed, the first locking means is in a release position, and the second locking means is in a locked position, in order to move the vehicle off with power balance the control device is further adapted to:
control the first electrical machine to delivery of a torque thereof, so that a requested torque is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox;
control the combustion engine towards and to its idling speed;
control the second electrical machine to deliver a torque, so that a desired power to an energy storage means and electrical loads comprised in the vehicle are achieved;
in case the torque available in the combustion engine at idling speed is insufficient to both counteract the reaction torque from the first electrical machine and the torque applied from the second electrical machine, control the combustion engine to increase the engine speed thereof, in order to increase the torque available from the combustion engine; and
control the first locking means to be moved to the locked position, when the input shaft of the gearbox, the rotor of the first electrical machine and the output shaft of the combustion engine rotate with the same rotational speed.