Image forming apparatus and image forming method

An image forming apparatus comprising:

• an electrophotographic photoreceptor which includes (i) an electroconductive substrate, (ii) an undercoat layer which is provided on the electroconductive substrate, contains a binder resin, a metal oxide particle, and an electron accepting compound, and has an electrostatic capacitance per unit area of from 10 pF/cm2 to 100 pF/cm2, and (iii) a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoat layer;
• a charging unit configured to charge a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
• an electrostatic latent image forming unit configured to form an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;
• a developing unit configured to store a developer containing a toner which contains toner particles of which a volume average particle diameter is from 3.0 μm to 5.5 μm, and develop the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor by using the developer, so as to form a toner image;
• and
• a transfer unit configured to transfer the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, onto a surface of a recording medium,
• wherein the electron accepting compound represented by following formula (1)
• wherein n1 and n2 each independently represent an integer of from 0 to 3, with the proviso that at least one of n1 and n2 represents an integer of from 1 to 3;
• m1 and m2 each independently represent an integer of 0 or 1;
• R11 and R12 each independently represent an alkoxy group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that at least one of m1 or m2 represents an integer of 1.