Light-emitting device having photoluminescent layer

A light-emitting device comprising a layered structure between a first layer and a second layer, the first layer having a refractive index n1 for first light having a wavelength λa in air, the second layer having a refractive index n2 for the first light,

• the layered structure comprising:
• a light guiding layer having a first surface facing the first layer and a second surface facing the second layer;
• and
• a surface structure disposed on at least one selected from the group consisting of the first surface and the second surface of the light guiding layer, the surface structure having projections and recesses,
• wherein the light guiding layer includes
• a photoluminescent layer that emits the first light upon receiving excitation light and that has a refractive index nwav-a for the first light, and
• an intermediate layer disposed between the surface structure and the photoluminescent layer, the intermediate layer having a refractive index nm for the first light,
• the refractive index n1 and the refractive index n2 are lower than a refractive index of the light guiding layer for the first light and satisfy a relationship n1>n2, and
• the layered structure has an effective thickness to more strongly emit TE polarized light than TM polarized light.