Electrochromic compound, electrochromic composition, and display element

An electrochromic compound, represented by the following formula (IV):

• wherein X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, X8, X10, X11, X13 and X14 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent;
• R3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group;
• R1 and R2 are each independently a monovalent substituent;
• and A− and B− are each independently a monovalent anion.

An electrochromic compound, represented by the following formula (I):

• wherein:
• X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 and X8 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent;
• R1 and R2 are each independently a monovalent substituent, wherein, R1, R2, or both have a functional group capable of directly or indirectly bonding to a hydroxyl group;
• A− and B− are each independently a monovalent anion;
• and
• Y is represented by the following formula (II):
• wherein X9, X10, X11, X12, X13, and X14 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.