Azabenzimidazole derivative having AMPK-activating activity

A compound of formula (I):

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
• wherein
• R4 is hydrogen,
• R1 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy, or substituted or unsubstituted amino,
• R2 is halogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
• R3 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, carboxy, substituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylthio, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylthio, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl, or substituted or unsubstituted amino,
• X is a single bond, or —O—,
• Y is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, or a group of —(CR6R7)m-Z with proviso that Y is not substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl when X is —O—,
• R6 is each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, carboxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy,
• R7 is each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, carboxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy,
• m is an integer from 1 to 3,
• Z is hydrogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, —C(═O)—NR8R9, —NR10—C(═O)—R11, —SO2—NR12R13, —NR14—SO2—R15, —NR16—C(═O)—NR17R18, —C(═O)—O—R19, —P(═O)(—OH)2, —P(═O)H(—OH), —P(═O)(—R20)2, —P(═O)(—OR20)2, —P(═O)(—OH)(—R20), —P(═O)(—OH)(—OR20), —P(═O)(—R20)(—OR20), —P(═O)(—OH)(—O—(CR21R22)0-4—R23), —P(═O)(—NR24—CR21R22—COOH)2, —P(═O)(—NR24—CR21R22—COOR20)2, —P(═O)(—OH)(—NR24—CR21R22—COOH)2, —P(═O)(—OH)(—NR24—CR21R22—COOR20), —P(═O)(—NR24—CR21R22—COOR20)(—O—R20), —P(═O)(—O—CR21R22—O—C(═O)—R20)2, —P(═O)(—OH)(—O—CR21R22—O—C(═O)—R20), —P(═O)(—OH)(—O—(CR21R22)1-4—S(═O)—R20), —P(═O)(—O—(CR21R22)1-4—S(═O)—R20)2, —P(═O)(—OH)(—O—(CR21R22)1-4—S—C(═O)—R20), —P(═O)(—O—(CR21R22)1-4—S—C(═O)—R20)2 or
• R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, or R8 and R9 taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a substituted or unsubstituted ring,
• R10, R14 and R16 are each independently hydrogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
• R21 is each independently hydrogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
• R22 is each independently hydrogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
• R24 is each independently hydrogen, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl,
• R11 and R15 are each independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl,
• R12, R13, R17, R18 and R19 are each independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl,
• R20 is each independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl,
• R23 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl,
• R25 and R26 are each independently —O—or —NH—, and
• R27 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,
• with the proviso that
• a compound,
• is excluded.