Internal lining for delayed coker drum

A delayed coking process comprising:

• heating a heavy oil feed in a furnace to a temperature at which thermal cracking is initiated, introducing the heated feed into a delayed coking drum, the delayed coking drum consisting of an inner surface, a top ellipsoidal or hemispherical head with a vapor outlet at the top, a bottom conical head with an outlet for coke product and a feed inlet at/near the bottom, and a vertical cylindrical section, wherein a shock-resistant and erosion-resistant internal lining is applied to the inner surface of the drum to reduce or minimize a transient thermal stress that occurs in the drum during portions of a coking cycle when the thermal stresses arise, wherein the internal lining is a refractory lining containing one of a refractory aggregate having a thermal expansion rate whereby the refractory lining delays transfer of heat from inside the drum during the coking cycle to the drum, and an aggregate that matches thermal expansion of the drum, wherein the refractory lining containing one of a refractory aggregate having a thermal expansion rate and an aggregate that matches the thermal expansion of the drum forms a thermal barrier that delays transfer of heat from inside the drum during the coking cycle to the drum;
• coking the heated feed in the drum to produce thermally cracked hydrocarbon vapors and a coke product;
• purging cracked products remaining in the drum with steam;
• quenching the coke in the drum with water;
• and
• discharging the quenched coke through the coke outlet.

A delayed coking process in which a heavy oil feed is heated in a furnace to a temperature at which thermal cracking is initiated comprising,

• introducing the heated feed into a delayed coking drum, the delayed coking drum consisting of an inner surface, a top ellipsoidal or hemispherical head with a vapor outlet at the top, a bottom conical head with an outlet for coke product and a feed inlet at/near the bottom, and a vertical cylindrical section, wherein a shock-resistant and erosion-resistant internal lining is applied to the inner surface of the drum to reduce or minimize a transient thermal stress that occurs in the drum during portions of a coking cycle when the thermal stresses arise, wherein the internal lining is a refractory lining containing one of a refractory aggregate having a thermal expansion rate whereby the refractory lining delays transfer of heat from inside the drum during the coking cycle to the drum, and an aggregate that matches thermal expansion of the drum, wherein the refractory lining containing one of a refractory aggregate having a thermal expansion rate and an aggregate that matches the thermal expansion of the drum forms a thermal barrier that delays transfer of heat from inside the drum during the coking cycle to the drum;
• coking the heated feed in the drum to produce thermally cracked hydrocarbon vapors and a coke product;
• purging cracked products remaining in the drum with steam;
• quenching the coke in the drum with water;
• and
• discharging the quenched coke through the coke outlet;
• wherein the internal lining comprises a pin and plate assembly oriented such that the assembly forms an air gap;
• wherein the heated feed fills the air gap forming an in situ thermal barrier to protect the pressure boundary of the coke drum from unacceptable thermal stresses during the act of quenching the coke.

A delayed coking process in which a heavy oil feed is heated in a furnace to a temperature at which thermal cracking is initiated comprising,

• introducing the heated feed into a delayed coking drum, the delayed coking drum consisting of an inner surface, a top ellipsoidal or hemispherical head with a vapor outlet at the top, a bottom conical head with an outlet for coke product and a feed inlet at/near the bottom, and a vertical cylindrical section, wherein a shock-resistant and erosion-resistant internal lining is applied to the inner surface of the drum to reduce or minimize a transient thermal stress that occurs in the drum during portions of a coking cycle when the thermal stresses arise, wherein the internal lining is a refractory lining containing one of a refractory aggregate having a thermal expansion rate whereby the refractory lining delays transfer of heat from inside the drum during the coking cycle to the drum, and an aggregate that matches thermal expansion of the drum, wherein the refractory lining containing one of a refractory aggregate having a thermal expansion rate and an aggregate that matches the thermal expansion of the drum forms a thermal barrier that delays transfer of heat from inside the drum during the coking cycle to the drum;
• coking the heated feed in the drum to produce thermally cracked hydrocarbon vapors and a coke product,
• purging cracked products remaining in the drum with steam;
• quenching the coke in the drum with water;
• and
• discharging the quenched coke through the coke outlet;
• wherein the internal lining comprises an anchoring system oriented such that coke from the heated feed fills voids within the anchoring system thereby forming a thermal barrier to protect the pressure boundary of the coke drum from unacceptable thermal stresses during the act of quenching the coke.