Use of tristyrylphenol alkoxylate sulfosuccinates in emulsion polymerization and coatings

A process for preparing an emulsion polymer latex comprising, polymerizing a monomer emulsion in the presence of an initiator to form an emulsion polymer latex, wherein the monomer emulsion comprises:

• a. water,
• b. at least one radical-polymerizable monomer;
• wherein the at least one radical-polymerizable monomer comprises (a) an amount of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or a mixture thereof from greater than 0 to 2% by weight based on all monomers, and (b) one or more additional monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl monomers, acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, and mixtures thereof;
• and
• c. a surfactant of one or more compounds defined by formula (I),
• or a salt thereof, wherein
• one of G and G1 is —SO3M and the other is hydrogen, wherein M is hydrogen or a metal cation;
• R is —OH, —R1, or —R3;
• wherein
• each R1 is independently -L-R2, wherein
• R2 is
• wherein q is 1, 2, or 3, or a mixture thereof;
• each L is independently —(OCH(CH3)CH2)n—(OCH2CH2)m—*
• or —(OCH2CH2)m—(OCH(CH3)CH2)n—*, wherein R2 is attached to L at the *;
• and
• n and m are each between 0 and 100, provided that at least
• one of m and n is greater than or equal to 1;
• and
• R3 is -L-OR4 or C1-30 alkoxy, wherein —OR4 is attached to L at the * and R4 is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl.

An emulsion comprising:

• a. water;
• b. at least one radical-polymerizable monomer;
• c. a surfactant of one or more compounds according to formula (IVa) or (IVb),
• a mixture thereof, or a salt thereof, wherein
• wherein M is hydrogen or a metal cation;
• each R1 is -L-R2, wherein
• R2 is
• wherein q is 1, 2, or 3, or a mixture thereof;
• each L is independently -(OCH(CH3)CH2)n—(OCH2CH2)m—*
• or —(OCH2CH2)m—(OCH(CH3)CH2)n—*, wherein R2 is attached to L at the *;
• and
• n and m are each between 0 and 100, provided that at least one of m and
• n is greater than or equal to 1;
• and
• R3 is -L-OR4 or C1-30 alkoxy, wherein —OR4 is attached to L at the * and R4 is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl.

An emulsion comprising:

• a. water;
• b. at least one radical-polymerizable monomer;
• wherein the at least one radical-polymerizable monomer comprises (a) an amount of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or a mixture thereof from greater than 0 to 2% by weight based on all monomers, and (b) one or more additional monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl monomers, acrylate monomers, methacrylate monomers, and mixtures thereof;
• c. a surfactant of one or more compounds defined by formula (I),
• or a salt thereof, wherein
• G is —SO3M and G1 is hydrogen, wherein M is hydrogen or a metal cation;
• R is —OH or —R1;
• wherein
• each R1 is independently -L-R2, wherein
• R2 is
• wherein q is a mixture of 1, 2, and 3;
• each L is independently —(OCH(CH3)CH2)n—(OCH2CH2)m—*
• or —(OCH2CH2)m—(OCH(CH3)CH2)n—*, wherein R2 is attached to L at the *;
• and
• n and m are each between 0 and 100, provided that at least one of m and
• n is greater than or equal to 1;
• and wherein the surfactant is defined by:
• a. R is —OH, G is —SO3Na, G1 is hydrogen, m is 16, n is 0, and q is a mixture of 1, 2, and 3;
• b. R is —OH, G is —SO3Na, G1 is hydrogen, m is 4, n is 0, and q is a mixture of 1, 2, and 3;
• c. R is —OH, G is —SO3Na, G1 is hydrogen, m is 16, n is 1.5, and q is a mixture of 1, 2, and 3;
• d. R is R1, G is —SO3Na, G1 is hydrogen, m is 8, n is 0, and q is a mixture of 1, 2, and 3;
• e. R is —OH, G is —SO3Na, G1 is hydrogen, m is 8, n is 0, and q is a mixture of 1, 2, and 3;
• or f. R is —OH, G is —SO3Na, G1 is hydrogen, m is 7, n is 8, and q is a mixture of 1, 2, and 3;
• or a salt thereof.