Electroconductive member for electrophotography, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

A charging member for electrophotography comprising:

• an electroconductive support layer;
• and
• a surface layer thereon, the surface layer having a network structure containing electroconductive fibers, wherein
• the electroconductive fibers have an ion conductivity, and an arithmetic mean value dU10 of top 10% fiber diameters of 0.2 to 15.0 μm as measured at arbitrary 100 points in an SEM observed image of the electroconductive fibers, and
• (1) when the surface layer is observed in such a manner as to face the surface layer, one or more crossings of the electroconductive fibers are observed in a square region having a one side length of 1.0 mm on the surface of the surface layer;
• and
• (2) when a Voronoi tessellation is performed with generating points, the generating points being the electroconductive fibers exposed on a cross section in a thickness direction of the surface layer,
• an arithmetic mean value kU10 of top 10% of the ratios S1/S2 is 40 to 160, where each of areas of Voronoi polygons resulting from the Voronoi tessellation is defined as S1, and each of cross-sectional areas in the cross section of the electroconductive fibers as the generating points of the respective Voronoi polygons is defined as S2.